Nghị định 97/2016/ND-CP

DECREE

PROVIDING FOR CONTENTS OF STATISTICAL INDICATORS LISTED IN THE NATIONAL STATISTICAL INDICATOR SYSTEM

Pursuant to the Law on Government Organization dated June 19, 2015;

Pursuant to the Law on Statistics dated November 23, 2015;

Upon the request of the Minister of Planning and Investment;

The Government hereby enacts the Decree regulating contents of statistical indicators listed in the national statistical indicator system.

Article 1. Attached herewith contents of statistical indicators listed in the national statistical indicator system.

Article 2. This Decree shall enter into force from July 1, 2016.

Article 3. Ministers, Heads of Ministry-level agencies, Heads of Governmental bodies, Presidents of the People’s Committees of centrally-affiliated cities and provinces, and Heads of other entities concerned, as stipulated by the 2015 Law on Statistics, shall be responsible for implementing this Decree.  

The Minister of Planning and Investment shall be responsible for providing guidance on, inspecting, and preparing a review report on, implementation of the national statistical indicator system./.

APPENDIX

CONTENTS OF STATISTICAL INDICATORS LISTED IN THE NATIONAL STATISTICAL INDICATOR SYSTEM

 (Issued together with the Government’s Decree No. 97/2016/ND-CP dated July 1, 2016)

01. Land and population

0101. Land area and composition

I. Definition and calculation methodology

1. Land area

Total land area of an administrative subdivision includes area of land of all types within the boundary of each administrative subdivision defined by legislative regulations.   

Figures of land area of an administrative subdivision shall be obtained from the cadastral authority having competence in cadastral survey and data publication. Natural land area of an administrative subdivision next to, or surrounded by, the sea includes area of land of all types on the mainland and sea islets or islands extended to the mean low tide waterline recorded in many years. Total area of natural land shall cover various land types in reliance upon classification criteria. Land area is normally classified by purposes, land managers and owners.

a) Land area classified by purposes refers to area of the land portion serving the same purpose within the territory of an administrative subdivision, including agricultural land, non-farm land and unused land groups.

- Agricultural land classification refers to land used for production, research and testing purposes in the agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, salt industry, and forest protection and development field. This includes the following types:

+ Annual crop land, including paddy crop land and others;

+ Perennial crop land;

+ Production forest land;

+ Protection forest land;

+ Special-use forest land;

+ Aquaculture land, referring to land specially used for brackish, salt and fresh water aquaculture;

+ Salt-making land, referring to a saltern used for salt production;

+ Other agricultural land, including the land used for construction of glasshouses and other types of houses for the purpose of growing crops, even including those taking the form of indirect planting; construction of farms and cages for the purpose of raising livestock, poultry and other animals permitted by laws; crop, animal and aquaculture farming land used for study, research and testing purposes; plant and animal breeding land, and flowering and ornamental plant cultivation land.

- Non-farm land classification, including land types used for purposes other than those for which the agricultural land group is used, including the homestead land; land used for construction of office buildings; land used for national defence and security purposes; land used for construction of non-business institutions; land used for non-farm production and business activities; land used for public purposes; land used for construction of religious and ritual institutions; land used for construction of cemeteries, burial places, funeral parlours, crematoria; special-use land next to rivers, brooks, canals, ditches, springs and water surfaces; other non-farm land.

+ Homestead land, including rural and urban homestead land.

Rural homestead land refers to land currently used by households or individuals, including land used for construction of dwelling houses and public utility facilities, gardens, ponds located inside the same land plot within a rural residential area.  

Urban homestead land includes land used for construction of dwelling houses and public utility facilities, gardens, ponds located inside the same land plot within an urban residential area. 

+ Land used for construction of office buildings, including land used for construction of offices of state regulatory agencies, political organizations and socio-political institutions.

+ Land used for national defence and security purposes, including land serving the purposes defined in Article 61 of the Law on Land.

+ Land used for construction of non-business institutions, including land used for construction of officers of non-business institutions; land used for construction of cultural, social, health care service, education and training, sports and physical exercise, science and technology, diplomatic and other non-business facilities.

+ Land used for non-farm production and business, including land used for construction of industrial zones, industrial clusters, processing and exporting zones, land used for trading and service activities; land used for construction of non-farm production facilities; land used for mining operations; land used for building material and ceramic production activities.

+ Land used for public purposes, including land used for transportation purposes (airports, airdromes, inland waterway ports, seaports, railroads, roads and other transportation works); irrigation works; land associated with historical – cultural sites and famous landmarks; land used for community events, public recreational and entertainment parks; land used for construction of energy production facilities; land used for construction of postal and telecommunications facilities; market land; land used for waste disposal and treatment, and land used for other public utility facilities.

+ Land used by religious and ritual institutions, including land associated with pagodas, churches, chapels, oratories, mosques, Buddhist temples, abbeys or religious training institutions; land used for construction of offices of licensed religious institutions and other religion-related facilities.

+ Religious land, including land associated with communal houses, temples, holy places, ancestral temples or clan ancestral houses.

+ Land used for construction of cemeteries, burial places, funeral parlours, crematoria, referring to the land used as communal burial areas, or land used for construction of funeral parlours and crematoria.

+ Land contiguous to rivers, brook, canals, ditches or springs, referring to the land comprising water surface of linear hydrographic objects without closed boundaries which create naturally or artificially-formed land plots used for water drainage or navigation purposes. 

+ Land associated with special-use water surface, referring to the land comprising water surface of hydrographic objects existing in the form of a pond, lake or lagoon that have closed boundaries that create land plots, lie either inside urban, rural residential areas, or outside these areas, but are not specially used for aquaculture, hydropower or irrigation purposes.   

+ Other non-farm land, including the land used for construction of rest houses, tents or camps for employees working for production facilities; the land used for construction of warehouses and storage facilities for the purpose of storing agricultural products, plant protection products, fertilizers, machinery or tools used for agricultural production, and the land used for construction of other facilities by land users that serve non-business purposes and are not associated with the homestead land.  

- Unused land classification, including land types which have not been defined in terms of their purpose, specifically comprising the followings:

+ Unused flat land, referring to areas of unused land located in flat areas of plains, valleys and plateaus.

+ Mountainous, hilly or sloped land, referring to the unused land situated on sloppy areas in hilly or mountainous regions. 

+ Non-forested rocky mountains, referring to the unused land existing in the form of a non-forested rocky mountain.

b) Land area classified by the criterion of land user

- Land users refer to those who have received land allocated, leased, or land ownership recognized, by the State, or currently use land of which tenure has not been recognized by the State; households or individuals; domestic organizations; foreign entities; Vietnamese expatriates; residential communities and religious institutions; foreign-invested enterprises.

- Persons in the exercise of delegated authority to manage land refer to domestic organizations, residential communities, joint venture enterprises, wholly foreign-owned enterprises receiving state-allocated land in the case stipulated by Article 8 of the Law on Land.

2. Land composition

a) Area of land by purposes

referring to area of the land portion serving the same purpose within the natural territory of an administrative subdivision, including the ratio of agricultural land, non-farm land and unused land to total natural land.

b) Area of land by the criterion of land users

referring to the ratio of area of the land portion used by the same person, or managed by the person in the exercise of delegated authority to manage such land within the land area privately owned by administrative subdivisions, including the ratio of land used and managed by institutional or individual entities to total area of natural land.

II. Major classifications

- Purposes;

- Subjects of use and management;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

III. Release period: Annual.

IV. Data sources

- Land resource inventory checking and land use mapping;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

V. Regulatory entities responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

0102. Population and population density

I. Population

General definition

Population refers to the collection of people living in the same country, region, geographically economic region or administrative subdivision.

In the statistical context, population data are collected on the basis of defining the de facto population of residents in a household who are permanently living in that household for a period of more than 6 months before the start date of statistics, newborn babies born before the start date of statistics and persons and new incoming residents who intend to settle down in that household, regardless of whether they have obtained permission to permanently reside at communes/ wards/ town districts where they are living, and temporary absentees.   The de facto population of residents living in a household:

Persons actually living in a household for a period of more than 6 months before the start date of statistics.  

New incoming residents who have moved in a household for a period of fewer than 6 months, but intend to settle down in that household, and newborn babies born before the start date of statistics, regardless of whether they have obtained any valid documentary evidence of such movement.  

Temporary absentees including persons leaving their registered households for a period of fewer than 6 months prior to the start date of statistics; persons who are working or studying domestically within a period of 6 months; persons who are visiting their relatives, taking summer vacations, going on public holidays, making leisure trips, and will come back to their households; persons who are going on business trips, serving on board fishing ships, ocean liners underway at sea, or shipping their own cargos for resale; persons who are authorized by competent authorities to work, study, cure illnesses or travel abroad, and are still residing abroad within a permitted period before the start date of statistics; persons who are inpatients provided with medical treatment services by health care service providers; persons who are temporarily detained by military or public security authorities.

The population indicator shall be specifically categorized into the following sub-indicators: 

1. Average population

- Definition and calculation methodology

The average population refers to the average size of population for an entire period which is calculated according to several common methods, including:

+ In cases where only data collected at two points of time (both start and end point of a short statistical period which is usually one year) are available, the following formula shall be applied: 

Where

P_tb: Average population;

P₀: Population estimated at the beginning of a statistical period;

P₁: Population estimated at the end of a statistical period.

+ In cases where data collected at regular time intervals, the following formula shall be applied as follows:

Where

P_tb: Average population

P_0,1...,n: Population estimated at points of time variable within 0, 1,..., n

n: The number of regular time intervals.

+ In cases where data collected at irregular intervals, the following formula shall be applied as follows:

Where

P_tb1: Average population estimated in the first time interval;

P_tb2: Average population estimated in the second time interval;

P_tbn: Average population estimated in the n^th time interval;

t_i: Length of the i^th time interval.

- Major classifications: Sex; ethnicity; religion; age; marital status; educational attainment level; professional and technical qualification; urban/rural; centrally-governed province/city.

- Release period: Annual.

- Data sources

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-year population and housing survey;

+ The annual population figure, which is calculated on the basis of the original population data collected by means of the latest population census, and population changes (births, deaths, outward moves, inward moves) according to the population balancing equation. Population changes are calculated on the basis of demographic rates (birth, death, inward and outward move rates) obtained through population change and family planning surveys, or population and housing censuses.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

2. Population by sex

- Definition and calculation methodology

The gender ratio indicates the number of males per 100 females in a given population.

The formula commonly used for calculation of sex differences is the following sex ratio:

- Major classifications: Age/age group; marital status; educational attainment level; ethnic group (5-year classification by 10 ethnic groups with the largest population, and annual classification by 2 major groups which are Kinh and other ethnic groups); religion (based on population and housing censuses) 

- Release period: Annual.

- Data sources

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-year population and housing survey;

+ Generalized inference or estimation from results of sample surveys of population change and family planning.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

3. Population by age

- Definition and calculation methodology

Age indicates a period of human life, measured from the birth date to the specified date. In population statistics, age is measured in the number of complete years (excluding the number of days or months between a complete year), and commonly called the rounded age.

The rounded age is determined as follows:

If the birth month is greater than (comes before) a survey month, then

Rounded age = Survey year - Birth year

If the birth month is greater than (comes after), or falls into the survey month, then

Rounded age = Survey year - Birth year - 1

- Major classifications: In addition to population classified by age, the age composition of population is also classified into 5-year age groups or 10-year age groups in which the 0-year age group is kept apart. Hence, age groups are classified by the following cohorts:

+ 5-year age cohorts:

0 year;

1 – 4 years;

5 – 9 years;

10 – 14 years;

...

75 – 79 years;

80 – 84 years;

85 years and over.

Particularly, 1 – 4 years of population age may be classified into separate age groups.

+ 10-year age cohorts:

0 year;

1 – 9 years;

10 – 19 years;

20 – 29 years;

...

70 – 79 years;

80 – 89 years;

90 years and over.

For the purpose of thematic studies on education - training, population fertility, employment and economy, population is classified into age groups appropriate to studies on school age, age for completion of all educational levels, childbearing age, working age, etc.

- Release period: Annual.

- Data sources:

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-year population and housing survey;

+ Generalized inference or estimation from results of sample surveys of population change and family planning.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

4. Population by marital status

- Definition and calculation methodology

Marriage indicates the relationship between a wife and husband after marriage.

- Major classifications

+ Unmarried, or never married;

+ Married;

+ Widowed (Deceased spouse and currently unremarried);

+ Widowed (Deceased spouse and currently unremarried);

+ Separated (married, but no longer living together as husband and wife).

- Release period: Annual.

- Data sources

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-year population and housing survey;

+ Generalized inference or estimation from results of annual sample surveys of population change - family planning.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

5. Population by educational attainment level

- Definition and calculation methodology

A person’s educational attainment level indicates the highest grade in the national education system that such person has attended.

According to the Law on Education, the national education system is composed of formal and continuing education. Formal education includes early childhood education, general education, vocational education and higher education.

Definitions mainly used for collection of data on educational attainment level of population are described as follows:

School attendance status indicates actual conditions of a person who is attending a state-accredited educational institution within the national education system, such as early childhood, primary, lower secondary, upper secondary schools/ classes, vocational schools/classes, and professional secondary schools and over of different education - training types, in order to receive general education, technical or professional knowledge in a logical manner.

Literacy is defined as a person’s ability to read, write and fully understand simple sentences created by a national or foreign language.

The highest educational attainment level is composed of the following categories:

+ General education: As for a general education dropout, this level indicates the highest secondary grade that this person has completed; as for an existing general education learner, this level indicates the preceding secondary grade that this person has completed (= current grade - 1);

+ Vocational education: this level indicates persons who have graduated from elementary, secondary or collegiate-level vocational schools;

+ Professional secondary education: this level indicates persons who have graduated from professional secondary schools;

+ Professional post-secondary education: this level indicates persons who have graduated from professional colleges;

+ Undergraduate education: this level indicates persons who have graduated from junior colleges or universities;

+ Postgraduate education: this level indicates persons who have graduated from master's, doctorate or science doctor’s degree.

- Major classifications

+ School attendance status: Attending school; Attended school; never attended school;

+ The highest educational attainment level: illiterate (or unable to read and write); literate (or able to read and write); not completed primary education level; completed primary education level; completed lower secondary education level; completed upper secondary education level; completed elementary vocational school; completed secondary vocational education level; completed vocational college education level; completed professional secondary education level; completed professional college education level; completed undergraduate education level; completed master’s, doctorate/ science doctor’s degree.

- Release period: Annual.

- Data sources

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-year population and housing survey;

+ Generalized inference from results of sample surveys of population changes – family planning, labor – employment, or other thematic surveys.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

6. Population by ethnicity

- Definition and calculation methodology

For the purpose of demographic statistics, ethnicity data are collected on the basis of ethnic self-identification by survey respondents. A person is most often identified as his/her father’s ethnicity. In several matriarchal ethnic groups, a person’s ethnicity is identified with that of the mother.

- Major classifications

+ Demographic characteristics; sex; age; marital status; fertility, mortality and migration, etc.;

+ Socio-economic characteristics: educational attainment; economic activity, etc.

+ Classifications by geographical regions or administrative subdivisions.

- Release period: Quinquennial.

- Data sources

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-quinquennial population and housing survey.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

7. Population by religion

- Definition and calculation methodology

For the purpose of statistical survey, religion is understood in two different modes:

+ Persons having faith or belief in a specific religious doctrine;

+ Persons admitted as followers of a religion. The difference between a follower and believer is that, in addition to belief or faith, a follower must meet certain standards and must be admitted to become fellowship of a religion by a religious institution. 

- Major classifications

+ Sex;

+ Administrative subdivision;

+ Religion.

- Release period: Quinquennial.

- Data sources

+ Population and housing census;

+ Mid-quinquennial population and housing survey.

- Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

II. Population density

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Population density is defined as the number of people per one square kilometer of land area.

Population density is calculated by dividing population (at a point of time or on average) of a specified residential area by land size within that area. Calculation of population density may be applied to the entire country or a particular region or area (rural, urban or economic region or area); specific provinces, districts or communes, etc. in order to reflect the geographic population distribution in a defined time period.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Land resource inventory checking and land use mapping.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0103. Sex ratio at birth

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Sex ratio at birth refers to the number of boys per 100 girls in total children born alive within a reporting period (usually one year) in a given area or region.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

Data on the number of sex-specific live births measured within a reporting period are obtained from:

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: the Ministry of Health.

0104. Crude birth rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births per 1,000 population during a given year.

Calculation formula:

CBR(‰)=

Where:

B: The number of births in a given year;

P: Average population (or mid-year population).

2. Major classifications

- Child sex;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Demographic and health survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0105. Total fertility rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Total fertility rate (TFR) is defined as the average number of live births born to a woman (or a group of women) if that woman (or that group of women) is subject to age-specific fertility rates in a given year during childbearing years (in other words, if a woman were to experience age-specific fertility rates for women aged from 15, 16, 17 to 49 years).

Calculation formula:

Where:

B_x: the number of live births registered during the year born to women aged (x);

x: an interval of one year of age;

W_x: the midyear population of women aged (x).

The age-specific fertility rates are cumulated from x = 15 to x = 49.

In usual practice, the total fertility rate is calculated by a simpler method. In cases where the specific birth rates are calculated for five-year age group, the subscript (i) represents five-year age ranges such as 15-19, 20-24,…, 45-49.

Calculation formula:

Where:

B_i: the number of live births registered during the year to women in the age group (i);

i: an interval of 5 successive single years;

W_i: the mid-year population of women of the same age group (i).

The purpose of the factor 5 in the formula is to apply the average rate for the age group to five successive single years so that the sum of the age-specific rates will be commensurate with that in the first TFR formula.

2. Major classifications

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0106. Crude death rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Crude death rate represents the number of dead births per 1,000 population during a given period (usually one calendar year). Like the crude birth rate, the crude death rate is affected by a great number of population characteristics, particularly population age composition. The crude death rate is used as an integral part of calculation of the rate of natural increase in population and the population growth rate.

Calculation formula:

CDR(‰)=

Where:

CDR: Crude death rate;

D: the number of deaths;

P_tb: Average population (or mid-year population).

2. Major classifications

- Sex;

- Deaths by causes;

- Urban/ rural;

- Regions and centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0107. Population growth rate

I. Rate of natural population increase

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The rate of natural population increase refers to the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths compared to average population during the study period, or equals the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate of population in a period (usually a calendar year).

Calculation formula:

NIR = x 1000 = CBR - CDR

Where:

NIR: Natural increase rate;

B: The number of births in a given year;

D: The number of deaths in a given year;

P_tb: Average population (or population estimated as of July 1) of a given year;

CBR: Crude birth rate;

CDR: Crude death rate.

2. Major classifications

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

II. Population growth rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The population growth rate (shortly called the growth rate) refers to the rate whereby population size increases (or decreases) in a given time period (usually a calendar year) due to natural increase and net migration, expressed as a percentage of the average population (or mid-year population).

Calculation formula:

GR = CBR - CDR + IMR - OMR

Where:

GR: Growth rate;

CBR: Crude birth rate;

CDR: Crude death rate;

IMR: In-migration rate;

OMR: Out-migration rate.

Or: GR = NIR + NMR

Where:

NIR: Natural increase rate;

NMR: Net migration rate.

2. Major classifications

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0108. Rate of in-migration, out-migration and net migration

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) In-migration rate

In-migration rate refers to the number of people entering one administrative subdivision from another subdivision (out-migration place) to take up residence in a study period (usually a calendar year), expressed per 1,000 residents in that subdivision (in-migration place).

Calculation formula:

IMR (‰)= x 1.000

Where:

IMR: In-migration rate;

I: The population of in-migrants in a given year;

P_tb: Average population (or mid-year population).

b) Out-migration rate

Out-migration rate refers to the number of people leaving one administrative subdivision to take up residence in a study period (usually a calendar year), expressed per 1,000 residents in that subdivision.

Calculation formula:

OMR (‰)=   x 1.000

Where:

OMR: Out-migration rate;

O: The population of out-migrants in a given year;

P_tb: Average population (or mid-year population).

c) Net migration rate

Net migration rate refers to the difference between population of in-migrants and out-migrants of an administrative subdivision in a study period (usually a calendar year), expressed per 1,000 residents in that subdivision.

Calculation formula:

NMR (‰) = x 1.000

Where:

NMR: Net migration rate;

I: The population of in-migrants in a given year;

O: The population of out-migrants in a given year;

P_tb: Average population (or mid-year population).

Or: NMR = IMR - OMR

Where:

NMR: Net migration rate;

IMR: In-migration rate;

OMR: Out-migration rate.

2. Major classifications

- Sex;

- Urban/ rural;

- Regions; centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0109. Life expectancy at birth

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Life expectancy at birth is defined as the main statistical indicator in the life table, expressing average number of years that a newborn is expected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply.

Calculation formula:

Where:

e₀: Life expectancy at birth;

T₀: The number of years a newborn in the Life Table is expected to live;

l₀: The number of people who survive to age 0 in the Life Table (the initial cohort of live births is observed).

Life expectancy at birth is one of the synthetic indicators estimated from the Life Table.

The Life Table (also called mortality table) is a statistical table including indicators displaying mortality rates and survival probability from this age to another age of population. The Life Table indicates how many persons survive to ages 1, 2,..., 100,..., from an initial birth set (in a given cohort), including how many people at each age will die and cannot survive to the next age; to what extent people reaching specific ages will have the probability of surviving and dying; how long a person is expected to live.   

2. Major classifications

- Sex;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0110. Disability rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Disability rate refers to the percentage of people with disabilities in total population.

Disabled persons are those who have one or more impaired or incapacitated body parts expressed in the form of an impairment which cause difficulties in working, living or learning activities.

Disabled persons shall be identified according to the WHO’s ICF approach whereby capacity and extent of performance of functions of body structure are evaluated to measure disability.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Type;

- Level;

- Cause;

- Age group;

- Sex;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources: Disability survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0111. The number of marriages and singulate mean age at marriage

I. The number of marriages

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Marriage refers to the husband and wife relationship between a man and a woman in accordance with the Law on marriage and family concerning marriage eligibility requirements and registration.

Men and women may enter into a marriage if they meet the following requirements, including:

a) Men reach 20 years of age or over, and women reach full 18 years of age and over;

b) They make their voluntary decision to enter into a marriage;

c) They do not lose their civil capacity; 

d) Their marriages are not subject to any marriage ban in accordance with the Law on Marriage and Family. 

For the purpose of providing a comprehensive view of the number of marriages, a statistical report shall reflect actual conditions of marriages, including:

- Marriages conforming to eligibility requirements set out by the Law on Marriage and Family;

- Marriages conforming to eligibility requirements set out by the Law on Marriage and Family, but not registered;

- Marriages not conforming to eligibility requirements set out by the Law on Marriage and Family;

- Child marriage;

- Living together as husband and wife.

For the purpose of maintaining significance of statistical analyses, this indicator shall be calculated through the marriage rate (or the crude marriage rate).

Calculation formula:

Where: MR represents the (crude) marriage rate.

2. Major classifications

- Urban/ rural;

- Region; centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Justice (assuming responsibility for collection of statistical data on the number of marriages conforming to eligibility requirements set out by the Law on Marriage and Family).

II. Singulate mean age at marriage

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) refers to the average number of years of single life lived by a person in a cohort during lifetime on the assumption that the proportions single by age in this cohort are equal to the proportions single obtained as of the survey period.   

Singulate mean age at marriage is one of the basic indicators in the Nuptiality table calculated by total of persons/year of a single cohort (T_s) divided by the original total of that cohort (l₀). After several calculations, the abovementioned overall method shall be simplified into the following formula:

SMAM =

Where:

SMAM: Singulate mean age at marriage;

RS₂: The number of persons/years of single life of a cohort;

RS₃: The number of persons/years of single life of never-married persons;

RM: The number of ever-married persons in a cohort.

2. Major classifications

- Sex;

- Urban/ rural;

- Region; centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Justice.

0112. Percentage of children under age 5 whose births are registered 

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Children under age 5 whose births are registered refer to the number of children aged under 5 from the birth date, and granted birth certificates in accordance with laws.

Percentage of children under age 5 whose births are registered represents how many children have been registered in birth registration records per 100 children. 

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Sex;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Health.

0113. Number of registered deaths

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Number of registered deaths indicates the number of deaths registered in a study period (usually a calendar year starting from January 1 to December 31), including those identified by court judgements/ decisions, already registered as changes in the civil registration record in accordance with the Law on Civil Registration, or registered within or beyond the stipulated time limit.  

Calculation method:

The number of domestic death registrations with the Commune-level People’s Committee plus the number of foreign element-involved death registrations with the judicial office throughout the nation (even including deaths declared by court judgements/ decisions, and already registered as changes in the civil registration record in accordance with the Law on Civil Registration) within a given time period. This addition applies to the on-time and delayed registrations of deaths, exclusive of re-registration.

2. Major classifications

- Sex;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The Ministry of Justice.

- Collaborator: the Supreme People’s Court, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Health.

02. Labor, employment and gender equality

0201. Labor force

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Labor force (also called economically active population) comprises persons aged 15 and older who are employed or unemployed during a specified time reference (7 days prior to the observation time).

2. Major classifications

a) Quarterly release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Urban/ rural;

- Region.

b) Annual release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Age group;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0202. Number of employed in the economy

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The employed refers to all of persons at age 15 years or older who are, in a given reference time, involved in any work activity (if such activity is not prohibited by laws) that lasts for more than 01 hours to produce commodities or provide services in order to earn income for their own and families.

Employed people comprises people who do not work in a specified study week, but have a job to which they are connected (they are still paid salaries/ wages during their time-off from work, or definitely return to work after a period of not more than 01 month).

Additionally, people are considered employed in the following specific circumstances:

a) They work for the purpose of receiving salaries, wages or incomes, but are currently participating in training sessions or skill improvement activities to meet work requirements set out by their employers;

b) Apprentices or interns (even including doctors who work as medical interns) work and receive salaries or wages;

c) They work for business households/ economic institutions of their own to produce goods and supply services;

d) Students/learners/retirees are involved in any job on which they have to spend more than 1 hour to earn income in a given reference period;

dd) Persons are searching for jobs, but have been offered a job on which they have to spend more than 1 hour to earn income in a given reference period;

e) Persons register or receive unemployment insurance covers, but have been offered a job on which they have to spend more than 1 hour to earn income in a given reference period;

g) Persons work for the purpose of receiving salaries, wages or income which are not directly paid to them, but accumulated into an overall income of their families. These people comprise:

- People working for business entities organized by one family member who is living in the same household or another household;

- People performing parts or duties of paid work arranged by one family member who is living in the same household or another household.

2. Major classifications

a) Quarterly release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Urban/ rural;

- Region.

b) Annual release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Age group;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Profession;

- Work position;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0203. Percentage of trained employees

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Trained employees refer to persons at age 15 or older who are employed or unemployed in a given reference period, and have already had either of the following elements:

a) Employees have been trained at a professional or technical schools or educational institution in the national education system in at least 03 months, and have graduated from or obtained a degree/certificate at a certain professional or technical level, including vocational elementary, secondary, college, professional secondary, college, undergraduate and postgraduate (master’s, doctor’s and science doctor’s) degree.

b) Or employees who have not been trained in any educational institution, but acquire by self-teaching activities, inherit, or attend on-the-job training classes to gain, vocational skills or hands-on experience equivalent to level-1 qualifications conferred to technical workers who have obtained the same-trade degrees and actually work on this kind of work for at least 3 years (otherwise called non-degreed/non-certificated technical worker).

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

a) Quarterly release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Urban/ rural;

- Region.

b) Annual release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0204. Unemployment rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Unemployed people refer to persons at age 15 or older who are, in a given reference period, having all of the following elements, such as currently not working, currently searching for work and willing to work.

The number of unemployed people also comprises persons who are not currently employed and willing to work, but in a given reference period, fail to find a job because:

- They have certainly had a job or a business activity to start after a given reference period;

- They have to temporarily leave from work (receiving no salary or wage, or uncertainly getting back to previous work) because of their workplace’s downsizing or closure;

- They are on seasonal vacation;

- They are taking personal emergency or temporary sick leaves.

Unemployment rate can be defined as an indicator displaying percentage used for comparing the number of unemployed and labor force.

Unemployed people comprises students/learners/retirees who are searching for a job (full-time or part-time) and willing to work in a given reference period; homemakers or housewives doing housework for their families but would be willing to take up a job in a given reference period.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

a) Quarterly release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Urban/ rural;

- Region.

b) Annual release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Age;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0205. Underemployment rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Underemployed people comprise persons who are employed, but in a given reference period (07 days prior to the observation date) meet all 3 following criteria:

a) They wish to work overtime, which means that they wish to do more work to increase their working hours; wish to replace one or more work that they are doing with another work so that they can work overtime; wish to increase working hours of one of work duties that they are assigned; or wish to have access to combined 3 said options. 

b) They are ready to work overtime, which means that, in the ongoing time (for instance, the ongoing week), if work opportunities arise, they will be ready to work overtime right away.

c) In fact, they have done all of their assigned work below a specified time threshold in a given reference period. While worldwide countries are applying 40 hours/week working system, the working hour threshold used for determination of underemployment in Vietnam is less than 35 hours in a reference week.

The underemployment rate indicates the number of underemployed per 100 employed people.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

a) Quarterly release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Urban/ rural;

- Region.

b) Annual release data shall be arranged into the following classifications:

- Sex;

- Professional and technical qualification;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0206. Social labor productivity

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Social labor productivity refers to an indicator reflecting efficiency of persons employed, commonly measured by the average gross domestic product per a person employed in a given reference period, usually a calendar year.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

The classification of social labor productivity shall be subject to that of the gross domestic product and the average number of persons employed.   In current data conditions, labor productivity is classified by economic industry (or activity) and economic sector.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

Data used for calculation of social labor productivity is obtained from two following sources:

- Annual GDP data measured by the General Statistics Office from statistical surveys, statistical report regulations at the ministerial or sectoral level;

- Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0207. Average income for a person employed

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Income for an employed person indicates income earned from wages, salaries and other sources of income that have the nature of salary, including overtime pays, bonuses, allowances, self-employment income, etc. of salary employees in the economy.  These types of income may be paid in cash or in kind.

Average income for an employed person indicates total actual average income per one salaried employee or self-employed person.

Calculation formula:

Where:

i: Reference time (usually 1 month);

Li: The number of salaried employees estimated at the survey time;

Wi: Income for a salaried employee in a given reference time.

2. Major classifications

- Profession;

- Economic sector.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: Labor and employment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0208. Rate of females participating in local-level party committees

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Rate of females participating in local-level party committees refers to percentage of women holding various positions in local-level party committees compared to the number of persons participating in local-level party committees.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Local-level party committee;

- Ethnicity;

- Age group;

- Academic attainment;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: In the beginning of each term.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Organization Department of the Communist Party Central Committee.

0209. Rate of National Assembly’s female deputies

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Rate of National Assembly’s female deputies indicates percentage of National Assembly’s female deputies per the number of National Assembly’s deputies in the same term.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Ethnicity;

- Age group;

- Academic attainment.

3. Release period: In the beginning of each term.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The National Assembly’s Office.

0210. Rate of People's Council female deputies

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Rate of female deputies of People’s Council at the level of a province/city, urban/rural district/town/city, or commune/ward/town district, refers to percentage of People’s Council female deputies per the number of People’s Council deputies in the same term.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Administrative level;

- Ethnicity;

- Age group;

- Academic attainment.

3. Release period: In the beginning of each term.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Home Affairs.

0211. Rate of female government leaders

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Rate of female government leaders refers to percentage of females taking up positions as leaders of governments compared with the number of government leaders.

Vietnam's system of government comprises:

a) Bodies in the exercise of state powers, including the National Assembly at the central level, and People’s Council at the local levels directly appointed by the people and acting on behalf of the people to exercise state powers; 

b) Administrative bodies, including the Government at the central level and People’s Committee at the local levels appointed by respective power bodies;

c) Judicial bodies, including the Supreme People’s Court, high-level People’s Court and local-level People’s Court;

d) Procuracy bodies, including the Supreme People’s Procuracy, high-level People’s Procuracy and local-level People’s Procuracy.

Government leadership positions comprise:

- At the central level:

+ President, Deputy President of the National Assembly; Head and Vice Head of a National Assembly’s committee; Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Ethnic Council; Director and Vice Director of a Department;

+ The State President, Deputy State President;

+ Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister;

+ Minister, Head of Minister-level bodies; Deputy Minister and equivalent; Director, Deputy General Director of a General Department and equivalent ; Director, Vice Director of an Administration or Authority and equivalent; Director, Vice Director of a Department and equivalent; 

+ Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court; Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Judge and Vice Judge of the high-level People’s Court; Director, Vice Director of a General Department and equivalent; Director, Vice Director of an Administration or Authority and equivalent; Director, Vice Director of a Department and equivalent;   

+ Chief Procurator, Deputy Chief Procurator of the Supreme People’s Procuracy; Director, Deputy General Director of a General Department and equivalent; Director, Vice Director of an Administration or Authority and equivalent; Director, Vice Director of a Department and equivalent.

- At the provincial level:

+ Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson of the provincial-level People’s Council;

+ Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson of the provincial-level People’s Committee; Director, Vice Director of a Department and equivalent;

+ Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Judge, Deputy Judge of the provincial-level People’s Court; Chief Procurator, Deputy Chief Procurator of the provincial-level People's Procuracy.

- At the district level:

+ Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson of the district-level People’s Council;

+ President, Vice President of the district-level People’s Committee; Head, Vice Head of a professional division governed by the People’s Committee.

+ Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Judge, Deputy Judge of the district-level People’s Court; Chief Procurator, Deputy Chief Procurator of the district-level People's Procuracy.

- At the commune level:

+ Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson of the commune-level People’s Council;

+ President, Vice President of the commune-level People’s Committee.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Group of state bodies;

- Administrative level;

- Ethnicity;

- Age group;

- Academic attainment.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Home Affairs, the National Assembly’s Office, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuracy.

03. Business enterprises, and economic, administrative and non-business institutions

0301. The number of institutions and employees working for economic or non-business institutions

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) The number of economic, non-business institutions

Economic, non-business institutions (grassroots-level institutions) are defined as:

- locations where production, trading, service provision, non-business, political - social - occupational, social, social-occupational, religious and ritual institution’s, etc., activities directly take place;

- having the governing entity or person in charge of operations at these locations;

- having definite addresses;

- having regular or periodic operating time (depending on seasons or business practices, etc.).

Grassroots-level institutions may refer to a factory, workshop, branch, representative office, hotel, restaurant, shop, production point, sales point, terminal, port, school, hospital, church, temple or pagoda, etc.

The number of economic, non-business institution refers to the number of institutions conforming to the abovementioned definitions, operating in the national economy (except agriculture, forestry and fishery; the Communist Party, socio-political organizations, state management, national defence and security and compulsory social insurance operations) on the statistics date within the territory of Vietnam.

The number of economic, non-business institutions comprises:

- The number of institutions which are head offices of enterprises (a head office of an enterprise refers to an entity assuming responsibility for managing or administering operations of other entities within the same organization and management structure of this enterprise).

- The number of institutions which are branches, production or business units dependent upon, or directed or controlled by, head offices or other branches; dependent production, business institutions which may be branches, representative offices of an enterprise, administrative or non-business body, even when these institutions are only a division of production or business situated outside of registered addresses of that enterprise (or administrative, non-business body). Where an enterprise does not have any branch or dependent entity (also called single enterprise), this enterprise will be only one grassroots-level institution.

- Individual production and business institutions which are production and business institutions owned or co-owned respectively by an individual or group of people (individual or modest-sized ownership), not having obtained registration of their operations in accordance with the Corporate Law (classified as a type of enterprise).

- Non-business institutions operating in such sectors as science and technology; education and training; health care and public aid; sports and culture; religious association activities, etc. (generally called non-business sector).

b) The number of employees working for economic, non-business institutions

The number of employees working for economic, non-business institutions refers to all of the employees currently working for these institutions as of the statistics date, including those working full-time; working part-time; working as tenured employees; working as contract employees (fixed-term or indefinite-term employment contracts); working for their families without receiving any salary or wage; working under outsourced employees; working as direct employees; working as indirect employees, etc., even including persons who are staying away from work to look for new job offers, or waiting for their retirement benefits, but remain under grassroots-level institutions' jurisdiction.    

2. Major classifications

- Economic sector;

- Scale;

- Type of institution (economic, non-business or association-styled);

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources: Economic census.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0302. The number of institutions and employees working for administrative institutions

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) The number of administrative institutions

Administrative institutions (grassroots-level institutions) are defined as:

- Locations where the Communist Party, socio-political organization, state management, national defence and security and compulsory social insurance operations directly take place;

- having the governing entity or person in charge of operations at these locations;

- having definite addresses and continuous operating time.

Grassroots-level institutions may refer to a body or branch of an administrative institution.

The number of administrative institution refers to total institutions conforming to the abovementioned definitions, operating in the O sector according to the economic sector classification system, and performing the Communist Party, socio-political organizations, state management, national defence and security and compulsory social welfare operations on the statistics date within the territory of Vietnam.

b) The number of employees working for administrative institutions

The number of employees working for administrative institutions refers to all of the employees currently working for these institutions as of the statistics date, including those working as tenured employees; working as contract employees (fixed-term or indefinite-term employment contracts), even including those who are staying away from work to wait for new job offers, or expecting their retirement benefits, but remain under a grassroots-level institution's jurisdiction.

2. Major classifications

- Economic sector;

- Scale;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources: Survey of administrative institutions.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Home Affairs.

0303. The number of individual business households and labor in the agriculture, forestry and fishery

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) The number of individual business households in the agriculture, forestry and fishery

Individual business households in the agriculture, forestry and fishery refer to all of the households having all or a large part of labour directly or indirectly participating in agricultural, forestry and fishery production, self-organization of production, discretionary decision on all matters concerning their own production and business activities. 

Agricultural, forestry and fishery production households comprise those performing the following operations:

- Cropping activities: preparing soil, sowing or planting seeds, caring and harvesting agricultural crops;

- Animal raising activities: livestock, poultry and other farming;

- Agricultural service operations: Planting services, animal raising services, post-harvest services, etc.;

- Forest planting and care; production of timber and non-timber forest products; forestry services;

- Aquacultural activities: Fish, shrimp and other seafood farming (including those grown in cages or rafts) occurring on fresh, salt or brackish water surfaces;

- Fishery production activities by using engine-driven or manually-operated equipment on fresh, salt or brackish water surfaces.

b) The number of labor working for individual business households in the agriculture, forestry and fishery

refers to all of the working-age persons (males aged from 15 to under 60 years, and females aged from 15 to under 55 years) of individual business households in the agriculture, forestry and fishery having capacity to engage in production and business activities (except for handicapped, incapacitated persons who do not participate in production or business activities, and working-age learners or students currently attending classes), regardless of whether they are currently, or not yet, employed.

2. Major classifications

- Scale;

- Economic sector;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources

- Rural and agricultural census;

- Mid-period rural and agricultural survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0304. The number of enterprises, and labor, capital, income, profit of enterprises

1. Definition and calculation methodology

- Enterprise refers to an institutional entity having its particular name, property, transaction office, and obtaining permission for the establishment registration in accordance with laws to serve business purposes.

With regard to enterprise types, in order to facilitate sufficient aggregation of statistical data by economic sectors, enterprises are classified into the followings:

+ State enterprises, including wholly state-owned enterprises which are centrally or locally-governed, and joint-stock enterprises of which more than 50% of domestic capital is owned by the State (for the purpose of data aggregation, an enterprise is denominated as a state enterprise if more than 50% of its capital is owned by the State).

+ Non-state enterprise, including domestically-invested enterprises of which the equity capital is privately owned by a single person or group of persons, or of which not more than 50% of the charter capital is owned by the State.   

+ Foreign-invested enterprises which are defined as enterprises receiving foreign investments, irrespective of proportion of equity participations of foreign investors. Section of foreign-invested entities, including wholly foreign-invested enterprises and joint ventures between foreign and domestic partners.

- Labour in an enterprise refers to the number of labour managed, utilized, paid wages or salaries by an enterprise.

- Capital of an enterprise refers to all of capital of an enterprise derived from different sources, including equity and liabilities.

- Income of employees working for an enterprise refers to aggregation of sums received by employees in consideration of their participation in operations of that enterprise. Income of an employee includes salary, bonus, allowance and other benefits having the nature of salary; social insurance cover paid instead of salary; other earning which is not included in operating expenses. 

- Profit of an enterprise refers to the amount of profit obtained within a specified year from production, trading, financial operations and others that arise in the year prior to the date of payment of corporate income tax (pre-tax profit)

2. Major classifications

- Operating scale;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

In particular, labour shall be further classified by sex.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: Enterprise survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0305. Value added per a Vietnamese dong of fixed asset value of an enterprise

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Value added per a Vietnamese dong of fixed asset value of an enterprise refers to the ratio of the aggregate value added within a given study period to the aggregate fixed asset value estimated in that period. This indicator represents how many dongs of value added are generated per one dong of fixed asset value within a given study period (usually one calendar year).

Calculation formula:

Where:

H; Value added per a Vietnamese dong of fixed asset value;

Q: Value added within a given study period;

K: Average fixed asset value (based on the residual value) estimated within a given study period.

2. Major classifications

- Scale by capital;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: Enterprise survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0306. Provision of an average amount of fixed assets for one employee of an enterprise

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Provision of an average amount of fixed assets for one employee of an enterprise refers to the comparison rate between total value of fixed assets and the number of employees working for that enterprise within a specified point of time (beginning or end of year), or within a given time period (a year on average), and value of an average amount of fixed assets per one employee working for that enterprise within a given study period.

Provision of an average amount of fixed assets for one employee of an enterprise may be calculated on the basis of the historical cost of these fixed assets (original cost) or the residual value of these fixed assets.

Calculation formula:

Where:

: Provision of an average amount of fixed assets for one employee;

: Value of an average amount of fixed assets of an enterprise used within a given time period, calculated by average of fixed asset value estimated at the beginning and end of that period;

: The average number of employees working for an enterprise within a given time period, calculated by average of the number of employees defined at the beginning and end of that period.

2. Major classifications

- Operating scale;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: Enterprise survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0307. Rate of return of an enterprise

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) Return on sales ratio

Refers to the comparison rate between total pre-tax profit obtained from production, trading and other operations within a given year and total revenue of an enterprise, which is reflecting how many dongs of profit are produced per one dong of sales within a specified period.

Calculation formula:

Where: Sales generated within a given period, including:

- Net sales generated from sale of goods and provision of services

+ Sales generated from sale of goods and provision of services reflect total revenue generated from sale of goods, finished products, investment real estate and provision of services within a given year in an enterprise.

+ Deductions from sales reflect all of items entered as deductions from total sales within a given year, including trade discounts, sales rebates, sales returns and taxes, such as special excise duty, export duty and value added tax payables calculated under the direct subtraction method in proportion to the amount of revenue determined in that given year.

- Financial revenue reflects income derived from interest, royalties, dividends, distributed profits and other such income earned within a given year, including:

+ Interest: Interest on loans, bank deposits, deferred payment sales, instalment payments, investments in bonds, treasury bills, payment discounts received from purchase of goods or services, etc;

+ Dividends or distributed profits;

+ Income generated from purchase or sale of short-term or long-term securities;

+ Income generated from recovery or liquidation of equity participations in joint ventures, investments in associate companies, investments in subsidiary companies and other capital investments;

+ Income generated from other investment activities;

+ Exchange rate interest;

+ Interest differential on account of foreign currency sales;

+ Interest differential on account of equity transfer;

+ Other financial revenue accounts.

- Other income representing other revenue and non-operating income generated within a given year, including:

+ Income generated from disposition, sale and liquidation of fixed assets;

+ Interest differential on account of revaluation of raw materials, commodities, fixed assets used as equity participations in joint ventures, investments in associate companies or other long-term investments;

+ Income generated from asset sales and leases;

+ Collections of fees charged for customer's breach of contracts;

+ Collections of bad debts which have been written off;

+ Taxes reimbursed by the state budget;

+ Collections of debts owed to unknown creditors;

+ Bonuses paid to customers relating to consumption of goods, products and services, which are not included in revenue (where applicable);

+ Income generated from gifts or donations in cash or in kind of individuals or organizations to enterprises;

+ Income other than the abovementioned.

b) Return on equity ratio

Refers to the comparison rate between total pre-tax profit obtained from production, trading and other operations within a given year and total average equity within a specified period, which is reflecting how many dongs of profit are produced per one dong of equity.

Calculation formula:

Where:

2. Major classifications

- Operating scale;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: Enterprise survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

04. Investment and construction

0401. Capital invested for the entire society

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Capital invested for the entire society refers to total capital spent on increasing or maintaining production capacity and resources to improve material and spiritual living standards for the entire society within a specified period (month, quarter or year). 

Elements of capital invested for the entire society shall comprise the followings:

a) Capital invested for formation of fixed assets defined as costs resulting in increases in fixed asset value, including capital invested in construction of new homes, architectural objects, purchase of fixed assets which is not carried out through capital construction process, and costs for major overhauls of fixed assets (i.e. pecuniary costs for new construction, expansion, re-construction, restoration or improvement of manufacturing capacity of fixed assets in the economy). All of costs for construction surveying, design and planning performed as preparations for investments, together with costs for installation of equipment which are also accounted for herein.

b) Capital invested in increasing current assets defined as costs for maintenance and development of production, including capital invested in purchase of raw materials, main or auxiliary materials, fuels, replacement parts and capital construction materials or equipment. This is a current capital which is supplemented during a study period.

c) Other invested capital including all of social investments used for the purpose of promoting social development capacity.  Social development plays its role in boosting up both fixed, current assets and other resources such as improving public intellectual standards, social welfare, ecological environment, assisting social problem prevention and elimination, and other developmental programs, including national programs or objectives for the purpose of improving community health, family planning; precious wildlife conservation program; educational universalization, human resource training programs; hunger eradication and poverty alleviation programs, etc.

Capital invested for the entire society shall not comprise investments that have the nature of transfer of the right to use or own, between individuals, resident households, enterprises or organizations, etc., but do not make any increase in, fixed or current assets in the economy on a national scale, such as disposal of land and houses, shops, equipment, machinery and other used fixed assets.

Capital invested for the entire society shall be classified by sources of investment capital, investment items, economic sectors, activities and centrally-governed provinces/ cities that receive investments.

- By sources of investment capital:

+ Funds derived from the State Budget referring to state expenditure used for making preparations for investments and executing programs or projects for investment in socio-economic infrastructure, and programs or projects incidental to socio-economic growth as well as other investing expenditure in accordance with laws.

Funds derived from the State Budget shall be disbursed as investments in socio-economic infrastructure projects which are not capable of direct capital redemption or fail to attract private sector involvements in the sectors or industries stipulated by laws.

Funds derived from the State Budget comprise investment capital derived from the central government budget and investment capital derived from the local government budget.

Investment capital having the nature of state budget which is derived from fees, charges, advertisements, national lotteries and land reserves, etc. to serve investment purposes shall be accounted for as the investment capital source derived from the state budget.

+ Funds derived from government bonds referring to the source of investment capital derived from bonds issued by the Ministry of Finance to mobilize capital invested in specific investment programs or projects qualifying for the state-funded investments.

On a local scale, local government bonds refer to the source of investment capital derived from the type of bond issued by the provincial People's Committee with the aim of mobilizing investment capital for local investment projects.

+ State investment and development credits referring to capital invested in projects that owners may borrow at a preferential interest rate to invest in significant sectors or industries, major state-run economic programs, disadvantaged regions eligible for the state incentive policies provided that these projects bring about positive socio-economic effects and ensure capacity for loan.

Investment projects qualifying for state investment and development credits are those registered in the list of projects permitted to receive investment credits which is annexed to the applicable Decree on state investment credits and export credits.

+ ODA capital and concessional credits of sponsors referring to investment capital coming into existence from developmental cooperations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and foreign-state sponsors, international, intergovernmental or interstate organizations.

ODA capital shall be composed of non-refundable ODA grants and ODA loans. 

Concessional credits are defined as a form whereby a loan is granted under terms and conditions which are more preferential than those applied to commercial loans, but its non-refundability elements have not yet to conform to ODA loan standards.

ODA capital and concessional credits which are borrowed by the Vietnamese Government for the purpose of commencing state-run investment programs or projects shall be accounted for as investment capital derived from the state budget on part of foreign capital.

+ Borrowed capital comprising capital borrowed from commercial banks and capital borrowed from other sources. This is an amount of money that project owners borrow from domestic credit institutions (with the exception of the abovementioned state investment credits), foreign banks, international organizations, or other institutions or individuals, for the purpose of investing in production and business activities.

+ Equity capital referring to capital possessed by project owners which is produced from profits set aside for investment purposes; from asset liquidation, fixed asset amortization, funds, mobilized shares, equity participations of joint venturists, etc.

+ Other capital referring to capital produced from voluntary contributions, donations, gifts of domestic and foreign organizations and individuals, and capital mobilized from sources other than the abovementioned.

- By investment items:

Investment capital is classified into investment capital used for capital construction, purchase of fixed assets used for production activities which are not subject to capital construction; repair or improvement of fixed assets; supplementation of current assets by equity capital; other investments.

In particular, investment capital used for capital construction makes up a largest proportion even though it does not include site clearance and compensation costs, technical worker and production manager training costs, land rentals or costs for purchase of the right to use land.  

Investment capital used for capital construction refers to an indicator reflecting all of the costs expressed in cash for the purpose of new construction, expansion, re-construction and restoration of fixed assets within a defined time period, including surveying and planning costs, costs for investment preparations and designs, construction costs, costs for purchase and installation of equipment and other costs which are allowed for in the general budget.

Based on study purposes, investment capital used for capital construction may be classified by different criteria. In addition to being classified by economic sectors, provinces/cities (or regions), investment capital used for capital construction is also classified by constituents arranged into 3 main groups as follows: 

+ Capital invested in construction and installation of equipment (construction capital) referring to a portion of investment capital for capital construction spent on construction and installation of machinery, equipment for construction sites, including costs for construction works, costs for installation of machinery or equipment at construction sites, and costs for completion of construction works.

+ Capital invested in purchase of machinery, equipment (equipment capital) referring to a portion of capital invested in capital construction which is spent on purchase of machinery, equipment, tools, instruments, cattle meeting fixed asset standards in accordance with current regulations, including value of equipment, machinery, tools, instruments, cattle considered as fixed assets, costs for pre-installation transportation, storage, processing and inspection thereof. Equipment capital shall be also composed of value of purchase of installed or non-installed equipment and machinery. 

+ Other investment capital used for capital construction referring to a portion of capital invested in capital construction other than both construction and equipment capital, including costs for consultancy, surveying investment, design, administration, site clearance, training of employees eligible for acquiring and operating projects, and other expenses. 

- By economic sectors, investment capital shall be classified into 3 groups of economic sectors:

+ Investment capital intended for the state economic sector;

+ Investment capital intended for the non-state economic sector;

+ Investment capital intended for the foreign direct investment sector.

- By economic sectors: Investment capital is classified by economic sectors in the Vietnam standard industry classification system (VSIC).

- By centrally-governed provinces/ cities.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a month, it is classified by level of management (central and local).

b) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by economic sector.

c) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Investment capital source;

- Investment item;

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Monthly, quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

- Invested capital survey;

- Enterprise survey;

- Non-farm individual production and business establishment survey;

- Administrative data;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Finance.

0402. Ratio of capital invested for the entire society to gross domestic product

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Ratio of capital invested for the entire society to gross domestic product refers to a percent proportion of capital invested for the entire society to gross domestic product during a given time period.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- The same as that mentioned in 0401;

- The same as that mentioned in 0501.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0403. Incremental capital output ratio (ICOR)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The ICOR refers to a general economic indicator representing how many dongs of incremental investment capital necessary to generate 1 additional dong of gross domestic product (GDP). The ICOR factor changes based on actual socio-economic conditions existing over time periods, investment mechanism and capital efficiency. If the ICOR factor is low, it indicates high investment efficiency, and vice versa.

Calculation formula:

Where:

ICOR - Incremental capital output;

V₁ – Capital invested in a study year;

G₁ – Gross domestic product determined in a study year;

G₀ – Gross domestic product determined in the year preceding the study year.

Investment capital and gross domestic product indicators used as the basis for calculation of the ICOR factor must be measured based on the same type of price: Current or constant prices. When calculating this indicator at current prices, that price must be determined in the same year. Specifically, GDP specified in the year preceding the study year (G₀) must be converted into GDP at current prices in the study period (the current price used for calculation of G₁).

2. Major classifications

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- The same as that mentioned in 0401;

- The same as that mentioned in 0501.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0404. Newly-increased capacity for the economy

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The newly-increased capacity for the economy refers to outcomes produced from investment in construction of new homes, architectural objects, investment in fixed assets which is not made through capital construction, and investment in repair of fixed assets (expansion, restoration, improvement of production capacity of fixed assets) which are expressed the in-kind form, such as construction works, equipment, machinery and other fixed assets for production purposes ready for use within a given study period.

The capacity newly increased within a given year for economic sectors or activities is very great, which is expressed in different types, including traffic roads, bridges, airports, seaports, water irrigation works, factories, power plants, hospitals, schools, television broadcast stations, museums and cultural houses, etc.

Calculation method:

Newly-increased capacity refers to the designed capacity for performing production operations or being auxiliary thereto, which is determined in the process of commissioning of fixed assets.  It is expressed in the unit which is the same as that used for calculation of the designed capacity determined under the process of handing over these fixed assets before being brought into operation.

In case of expansion, replacement or step-by-step restoration of fixed assets (including the entire construction work, single construction work items, equipment or machinery, etc.), only newly-increased capacity produced from such investments shall be calculated (calculation of the capacity of preexisting construction works or construction work items shall not be allowed).  

2. Major classifications: Sector receiving investment.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Invested capital survey;

- Enterprise survey;

- Individual production and business establishment survey;

- Administrative data.

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0405. Construction floor area of a completely-built house

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The construction floor area of a completely-built house refers to the gross area of a completely built house handed over within a given period (usually a calendar year) for living and daily activity purposes to family households or individual inhabitants.  

Calculation method:

The construction floor area of a completely-built house is composed of areas of newly-built houses in a given year and areas of rooms which are newly constructed during the process of expansion of, or story addition to, existing houses.    

a) Apartment house refers to an apartment building having at least two storeys, multiple flats, shared passageways and stairways, privately or commonly-owned spaces, shared facility systems intended for family households, individuals or organizations, which comprises apartment buildings constructed for residential and mixed-use (both residential and commercial) purposes. 

With respect to a single apartment unit, it is the gross living floor area used by a household, exclusive of the shared area used by single households in an apartment building, including area of shared stairways, passageways, corridors, kitchens, restrooms, guard booths and cultural halls, etc.   

b) Separate home refers to a dwelling structure built on a single housing land plot legally owned by an organization, family household or individual, including villas, attached and detached homes.

In respect of single family homes (including villas), it is the gross living floor area used by a household, inclusive of areas of all sleeping rooms, guest rooms, reading rooms or recreation rooms, etc., and areas of corridors, stairways and entrance halls thereof.    Calculation of areas of separate homes which are not used for residential purposes, such as animal farming houses, kitchens, restrooms or warehouses which are built separately from main houses for residential purposes, shall not be required.

- With respect to a single-story home, the gross floor and wall area (areas on which such home's ceiling or roof is built) of that home shall be calculated. In case of shared walls and column frames, only half of the area occupied by such walls and column frames shall be calculated.

- With respect to a multiple-story home, the gross floor and wall area (areas on which such home's ceiling or roof is built) of that home shall be calculated. In case of shared walls and column frames, only half of the area occupied by such walls and column frames shall be calculated.

- The area of groundfloor and space underneath a groundfloor, which is not enclosed and used for living purposes, shall be excluded. Where space underneath the groundfloor is at least 2.1 meters high, is enclosed and used for living or staying purposes, calculation of area of that space shall be required.

Conventions:

- If kitchen and toilet area are contiguous to a house in which a household is living (shared use or shared walls), area of that kitchen and toilet area shall be included in total area of that house.

- If kitchen and toilet area are absolutely separate from (independent of) a house in which a household is living, even when they are built in close proximity to each other, area of that kitchen and toilet area shall be excluded from calculation of total area of that house.

- With respect to a house/apartment with closed kitchen and toilet area as illustrated above, area of that house/apartment shall be calculated inside the dotted line.

- If a house/apartment has a loft having the ceiling height of at least 2.1 m and the minimum area of 4 m², the area of this loft shall be included in total area of that house/apartment.

2. Major classifications

- Accommodation type (apartment house, separate home);

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources

- Construction activity survey;

- Enterprise survey;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Construction.

0406. The number of dwelling houses, total area of currently existing and used dwelling houses

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The number of currently existing and used dwelling houses refers to the total number of apartments in an apartment building and separate homes actually existing as of the reporting date.

The area of existing and used dwelling house refer to the construction floor area of dwelling house in which a family household or individual inhabitant is living or staying, or currently used, as of the reporting date.  

Calculation method

- Method for calculation of the number of existing and used dwelling houses:

+ The number of existing and used dwelling houses shall be calculated according to the principle whereby uses of these houses, whether for family household’s or individual inhabitant’s living or staying purposes, must be identified. Calculation of the number of such houses which are not used for living or staying purposes, such as commercial houses, hospitals, schools, houses for rent, hotels, houses used as warehouses, animal raising farms, kitchens or bathrooms, etc., shall not be required.

+ Only currently existing and used dwelling houses, or those ready for residential purposes, irrespective of lifespan, accommodation type, actual state (determining whether new or old) and ownership form, shall be calculated.

+ The houses, including apartment units in apartment buildings, community houses which are not apartment units, separate homes of family households or individual residents, currently existing as of the reporting date, shall be all totaled.

- In regard of the method for calculation of the total area of currently existing and used dwelling houses, the total floor area of a house/apartment shall be calculated as follows:

+ With respect to apartment units in apartment buildings, it is the gross floor area used by a household, exclusive of the shared areas such as shared stairways, passageways, corridors, kitchens, restrooms, guard booths and cultural halls, etc.   

+ In respect of separate homes (including villas), it is the construction floor area used for living or staying purposes by family households or individual inhabitants, inclusive of areas of all sleeping rooms, guest rooms, reading rooms or recreation rooms, etc., and areas of corridors, stairways and entrance halls thereof. Calculation of the area of separate homes which are not used for living or staying purposes by family households, including animal farming houses, kitchens, restrooms or warehouses, shall not be required.

The area of groundfloor and space underneath a groundfloor which is not covered and used for living purposes shall not be included. Where space underneath the groundfloor is at least 2.1 meters high, is covered and used for living or staying purposes, calculation of the area of that space shall not be required.

2. Major classifications

a) Accommodation type:

- Apartment house;

- Separate home.

b) Solidity level:

- Fully solid home;

- Semi-solid home;

- Insufficiently solid home;

- Primitive home.

c) Ownership form:

- State-owned house;

- Collectively-owned house;

- Privately-owned house;

- Individually foreign-owned house.

d) Year of construction.

dd) Urban/ rural.

e) Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-quinquennial population and housing survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Construction.

0407. Average floor space of dwelling house per capita

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Average floor space of dwelling house per capital is calculated by dividing the gross living floor area used by a resident household by the population of household residents.  

Calculation formula:

Living floor area refers to the space used for living and dwelling purposes by household residents, including the areas of dining, sleeping, study and recreation rooms, and the space which is altered or expanded to serve living and dwelling purposes. Areas of subordinate structures (such as bathrooms, restrooms or kitchens), storage facilities, and the area used for commercial purposes, shall be exempted from calculation. 

2. Major classifications

- Ownership;

- Accommodation type;

- Urban/ rural;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quinquennial.

4. Data sources

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-quinquennial population and housing survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Construction.

05. National accounts

0501. Gross domestic product (GDP)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Gross domestic product is defined as the value of all the final goods and services produced by the economy during a given time period (quarter or year). This means that the value of intermediate goods or services used for making finished products is not counted. GDP represents the final result of production activity created by resident institutional units within a specified economic territory of a country.

GDP can be generally viewed in different ways:

- Consumption (expenditure) view: GDP is the aggregate demand of an economy, consisting of household final consumption, government final consumption, asset accumulation, and difference between imports and exports.

- Income view: GDP is the sum of compensation of employees generated by their participation in production, indirect taxes, depreciation of fixed assets used in production and operating surplus within a given time period.

- Production view: GDP equals the gross output value minus intermediate consumption.

Calculation method:

a) By current prices

There are 3 approaches of GDP calculation

- Production approach: GDP equals the gross value added at a basic price in all economic activities plus product taxes minus product subsidies.

Calculation formula:

- Income approach: GDP equals the sum of incomes generated by factors of production, such as labor, capital, land and machinery. For the purpose of this approach, GDP consists of 4 components: Compensation of employees participating in production (in cash and in kind that may be converted into cash), indirect taxes (less subsidies), depreciation of fixed assets used in production and operating surplus/ mixed income.

Calculation formula:

- Consumption (expenditure) approach: GDP is the sum of 3 components consisting of household and government final consumption, total accumulation of assets (fixed assets, current assets, rare and precious assets) and total difference between imports and exports of goods and services.

Calculation formula:

b) By constant prices

GDP by constant prices shall be indirectly calculated by the difference between the total value of production output and the total value of intermediate consumption at constant prices (since GDP or value added indicator cannot be decomposed into price and quantity components, appropriate price indexes are not available to be used for the direct deflation).   

The reporting year’s import duties are measured at constant prices by the following formula:

In addition to calculation of GDP at constant prices by using the production approach, the consumption method may be employed to calculate that GDP. This means that GDP at constant prices equals the sum of final consumption at constant prices, asset accumulation at constant prices and differences in exports and imports of goods and services at constant prices.

Final consumption at constant prices is measured by dividing final consumption by groups of goods and services by the consumer price index (CPI) or the price index of production of goods and services measured within a given reporting period in comparison with that of respective groups thereof measured within a predetermined base period.

Asset accumulation at constant prices is measured by the following formula:

Imports or exports of goods are measured at constant prices by the following formula:

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by:

- Economic activity and group of activities;

- Purpose of use (including asset accumulation, final consumption, difference in exports and imports).

b) For a period of 6 months, 9 months or a year, it is classified by:

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector (entire year);

- Purpose of use (including asset accumulation, final consumption, difference in exports and imports);

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, biannual, triquarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

- Enterprise survey;

- Individual production and business establishment survey;

- Survey and collection of information used for formulation of the inter-sectoral balance sheet and calculation of intermediate input factor;

- Survey and collection of information used for calculation of production value and value-added indicators of non-business units and non-profit organizations;

- Administrative data;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0502. Structure of gross domestic product

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Structure of gross domestic product refers to the proportion of value added which is created by economic activities/ groups of economic activities and product taxes minus product subsidies, economic sectors, etc. to the gross domestic product. Structure of gross domestic product shall be calculated at current prices.

The proportion of GDP contribution by economic activities (group of economic activities) or economic sector shall be calculated according to the following formula:

Where:

K_i: Composition of i^th economic activity, group of economic activities and economic sector;

I_i:  Value added of ith economic activity, group of economic activities and economic sector;

GDP: Gross domestic product.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by:

- Economic activity;

- Purpose of use.

b) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Economic activity;

- Economic sector;

- Purpose of use.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data source: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0501.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0503. GDP growth rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) Quarterly, biannual, triquarterly, annual calculation of GDP growth rate

Quarterly, biannual, triquarterly, annual (periodic) GDP growth rate refers to the percent ratio of growth of GDP estimated in the current period to that estimated in the same period in the previous year.

The GDP growth rate is measured at constant prices according to the following formula:

Where:

GDPn₁: GDP at constant prices in a period of a quarter, 6 months, 9 months or a given reporting period;

GDPn₀: GDP at constant prices in a period of a quarter, 6 months, 9 months or the year preceding the reporting year.

b) Calculation of average GDP growth rate by time periods (multiple years)

Calculation formula:

Where:

d_GDP: Average GDP growth rate estimated in the specified year of a given period; from the time after the constant-price base year to the n^th year;

GDP_n: GDP at constant prices estimated in the last year (n^th year) of a given study period;

GDP₀: GDP at constant prices estimated in the constant-price base year of a given study period;

n – The number of years starting from the constant-price base year to the reporting year.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by:

- Economic activity and group of economic activities;

- Purpose of use.

b) For a period of 6 months, 9 months or a year, it is classified by:

- Economic activity and group of economic activities;

- Economic sector (a period of a year);

- Purpose of use;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, biannual, triquarterly, annual.

4. Data source: Quarterly and annual reports on GDP and value added data of economic activities, groups of economic activities, product taxes or economic sectors, etc. prepared according to constant prices quoted by the General Statistics Office.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0504. Green gross domestic product (Green GDP)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Green GDP refers to the remaining part of GDP after expenses incurred by treatment of waste substances discharged from production, consumption, and by natural resource depletion and environmental damages due to economic activities.

Calculation of green GDP, otherwise known as environmental accounting, in the System of National Accounts (SEEA) is a step in establishing the complete UN system of national accounts.  The green GDP indicator is calculation on the basis of the method for calculation of GDP in the system of national accounts.

Green GDP = GDP - Ω

Ω: Expenses incurred by treatment of wastes, consumption of natural resources by economic activities, including:

- Expenses incurred by treatment of wastes discharged from manufacturing and consumption activities that need to be treated;

- Value of production of natural resource extraction industries;

- Land-use costs.

2. Major classifications: Economic activity or group of economic activities.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- GDP: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0501;

- Thematic investigation into types of pollutants, waste substances, and information on environmental protection activities and costs;

- Investigation into impacts of production activities and use of products with environmental impacts;

- Report on GDP and value added data of economic activities or groups of economic activities.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0505. GDP per capita (expressed in VND or USD)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

GDP per capita is calculated by dividing GDP estimated in a given year by the total population estimated in that year.  GDP per capita may be calculated by using either current prices, assigned local or foreign currency units, or else constant prices with the aim of measuring the growth rate.

Calculation formula:

GDP per capita in foreign currency units is calculated by using USD quoted at the current and purchasing power parity exchange rate.

2. Major classifications: Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- GDP: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0501;

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Population change and family planning survey;

- Average VND/USD exchange rate, purchasing power parity exchange rate released by the General Statistics Office with reference to those reported by the State Bank and announced by the United Nations Statistics Division. 

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0506. Asset accumulation

Gross asset accumulation

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Gross asset accumulation is defined as a general economic indicator reflecting expenditure on investment in fixed assets, current assets, precious and rare assets in a specified time period. This indicator is total investment in production inputs, only including produced inputs (such as machinery, construction structures, traffic roads, bridges, means of transportation, original art – culture pieces, etc.) and costs of renovation and improvement of capacity of non-produced assets (such as improvement of capacity of land, natural resources, etc.).

Gross asset accumulation is arranged into asset classification groups or types, and is calculated at current and constant prices. <>

a) Fixed asset accumulation

Fixed asset accumulation refers to all of the portions of high value assets which are newly increased within a given time period, used repeatedly and have their useful life span of at least 1 year for the purpose of performing production operations. Value of newly-increased asset is produced from results of investments made within a given year by resident units of economic activities and sectors.

Accumulation of fixed assets, including tangible and intangible assets, shall cover the following circumstances:

- Production units receiving and liquidating new and existing tangible fixed assets;

- Production units receiving and liquidating intangible fixed assets;

- Fees for disposal, sale and purchase of existing tangible and intangible assets, including commissions paid to business brokers, and fees paid for legalization of asset ownership rights, etc.;  

- Costs of major improvements of non-produced (non-renewable) tangible assets such as agricultural land, etc.;

- Costs of major repairs made for the purpose of increasing production capacity of fixed assets; 

- Acquisition of fixed assets under finance leases.

Calculation method

- Fixed asset accumulation at current prices

Fixed asset accumulation is calculated by subtracting fixed assets liquidated from value of fixed assets (even self-produced assets) received within a given time period by institutional units.

In effect, based on current accounting and statistical reporting regulations, there shall be two following calculation methods:

1^st method: Fixed asset increase/decrease-based method

Accumulation of fixed assets by specific types is calculated according to the following general formula:

2^nd method: Method of capital invested for the entire society

This method requires information about capital invested in capital construction for the entire society within a given year. However, not all of capital invested in capital construction for the entire society shall be accounted for as part of fixed asset accumulation because a certain portion of capital of this kind is not associated with any increase in fixed assets, including some portions of capital used for purchasing current assets as preparations for fixed asset investment projects, compensations for crops, site clearance, and for constructing temporary construction tents or camps, etc. 

In this method, fixed asset accommodation shall be calculated according to the following formula:

- Fixed asset accumulation at constant prices:

For the purpose of calculation of fixed asset accumulation, fixed assets need to be classified into fixed assets which are dwelling homes, construction structures, architectural objects, machinery, equipment, or cultivated fixed assets, etc. so that the price index of production and the price index of production input are relevant to specific asset types to be converted into constant prices, specifically including the following circumstances: 

+ With respect to fixed assets which are dwelling homes, construction structures and other architectural objects, capital work in progress, the indices of deflated production value of specific groups of construction activities which are relative to the abovementioned assets shall be used for calculation of conversion from current prices into constant prices.   The index of deflated production value of a group of economic activities is equal to the ratio of production value at current prices and production value at constant prices within a given reporting year in that group;

+ With respect to fixed assets which are machinery, equipment or means of transportation, the index of price of machinery, equipment and means of transportation shall be used for calculation of conversion into constant prices;

+ With respect to fixed assets which are crop and animal products, products from crop and animal farming operations shall be separated for calculation of fixed asset accumulation, and then the index of deflated crop and animal production value shall be used for calculation of conversion of respective fixed assets from current prices into constant prices; 

+ With respect to intangible assets, the consumer price index (CPI) shall be used for calculation of conversion from current prices into constant prices;

+ With respect to fixed assets created by reclamation and improvement of land, development of plantations and orchards, and those which are fees for transfer of rights to use assets, the index of deflated production value of capital construction industry shall be used for calculation of conversion from current prices into constant prices;

+ With respect to fixed assets which are common livestock or poultry, the producer price index of animal farming products shall be used for calculation of conversion from current prices into constant prices.

b) Current asset accumulation

Current assets comprise raw materials, fuels used for production operations, unfinished products, finished inventories, goods purchased for resale

Calculation method:

- Current asset accumulation at current prices:

Accumulation of current assets by specific types is calculated according to the following general formula:

- Current asset accumulation at constant prices:

For the purpose of calculation of accumulation of current assets at constant prices, these current assets need to be classified into the following groups: raw materials, finished inventories, unfinished products, etc., and then shall be converted into constant prices by using price indices relevant to each type of fixed asset.  There are specific circumstances as follows:

+ With respect to current assets which are raw materials or fuels, the index of producer prices by each group of current assets shall be used for calculation of conversion. Specifically, the index of producer prices for raw materials shall be used for calculation of deflation in accumulation of current assets which are raw materials.

+ With respect to accumulation of current assets which are fuels, the index of producer prices for fuels shall be used for calculating deflation.

+ With respect to finished inventories, unfinished products, etc., the producer price index shall be used for calculation of conversion from current prices into constant prices.

c) Precious and rare asset accumulation

Precious and rare assets are held by organizations or individuals (including consumer resident households) to serve the purpose of conserving property value. Precious and rare assets are not subject to wear and tear, and are not usually devaluated over time.

Calculation formula:

Or

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by asset type (fixed or current asset).

b) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Asset type (fixed or current asset);

- Economic sector.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

- Survey of living standards of Vietnamese population;

- Enterprise survey;

- Individual production and business establishment survey;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

II. Net asset accumulation

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Net asset accumulation equals gross asset accumulation less fixed asset depreciation.

Net asset accumulation includes the component of gross asset accumulation minus fixed asset depreciation.

Calculation method:

- Net asset accumulation at current prices

- Net asset accumulation at constant prices

Fixed asset depreciation at constant prices is calculated based on the ration of fixed asset depreciation at current prices to total value of fixed assets at current and constant prices.

2. Major classifications

- Asset type;

- Economic sector.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

- Survey of living standards of Vietnamese population;

- Enterprise survey;

- Individual production and business establishment survey;

- Administrative data;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0507. Final consumption

I. Government final consumption expenditure

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Government final consumption expenditure refers to total value of goods and services that the government has used for satisfaction of its regular demands with respect to state management, national defense, security and compulsory social welfare, etc.

Value of public utility products and services is generated by state bodies in the exercise of legislative, executive and judicial authority, authority over public scientific research projects, socio-political institutions, community service providers, etc. at the central to commune level in order to perform and maintain regular operations of the Government within a specified time period.   <>

- a) At current prices:

- At constant prices:

2. Major classifications: Management function.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

II. Household final consumption expenditure

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Household final consumption expenditure refers to total value of goods and services that individual households have used for satisfaction of their daily physical and spiritual demands within a given year, including:

- Final consumption expenditure derived from by household income defined as total expenditure in the household budget used for consumption and self-consumption of goods and services that all household residents use in their daily lives. This final consumption is characterized as a reduction in the household budget, including expenditure of a household on hiring of employees doing housework in this household, but excluding expenditure on production operations.

- Final consumption expenditure of households that consume goods and services free of charge defined as goods and services that resident units affiliated with the state and non-profit sector directly provide to household residents free of charge, such as medical, cultural and educational goods or services, etc.

a) Household final consumption expenditure derived from household income

- Final consumption expenditure on household’s purchase of goods and services derived from the household budget. This is calculated by two following methods:

1^st method: based on expenditure of the household budget

This formula is used for calculating this indicator by specific types of product and household or household resident within urban and rural regions.

2^nd method: based on total retail sales of consumer goods and services

Value of goods and services purchased by households to satisfy their consumption demands within a given year, which is not included in the total retail sales, shall be particularly calculated by specific types of final consumption as follows:

+ Final consumption of electricity

+ Final consumption of water

+ Final consumption of goods and services related to transportation, post, tourism, culture, health and education, etc.

+ Final consumption of banking and insurance services representing value of production output of banking and insurance operations allocated to their resident household sector.

+ Final consumption of lottery operations representing total value of production output thereof.

+ Final consumption of housework activities performed by hired employees representing total production value thereof in resident households.

- Final consumption of self-created and self-consumed products  

Final consumption of self-created and self-consumed products must be part of value which has been included in production value of an industry or activity, including:

+ Final consumption of physical objects in the sector of agriculture, forestry, fishery and handicraft, etc.

+ Final consumption of self-owned, self-occupied houses, etc.

Self consumption of physical products shall be calculated according to the following formula:

This formula is used for calculating this indicator by specific types of product and household or household resident within urban and rural regions.

Self-consumption of self-owned, self-occupied housing services: Value of self-owned and self-occupied houses shall be considered as an activity providing housing services for their own use.

b) Final consumption expenditure of households consuming goods and services free of charge:

- Final consumption of goods and services without charge paid via state organizations.

Calculation formula:

- Final consumption of goods and services without charge paid via other organizations (non-state, charity, religious organizations, associations, etc.)

Calculation formula:

c) Based on the abovementioned calculation results, household final consumption shall be classified into the following forms of consumption:

- Household final consumption expenditure by users:

- Household final consumption by resident units

+ Household final consumption by territories

Currently, the General Statistics Office calculates and releases final consumption expenditure by spending entities (at constant prices)

Calculation formula:

This indicator is calculated in detail by specific groups of products.

This indicator is calculated in detail by specific product industries.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by:

- Purpose;

- User.

b) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Purpose;

- Spender/ user.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

- Economic census;

- Population and housing census;

- Mid-year population and housing survey;

- Enterprise survey;

- Individual production and business establishment survey;

- Survey of living standards of Vietnamese population;

- Survey and collection of information used for formulation of the inter-sectoral balance sheet and calculation of intermediate input factor;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0508. Gross national income (GNI)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

NationaI income is defined as an indicator reflecting primary income results produced from ownership factors of a country participating in production operations within the territory of that country or abroad during a specified time period, usually a year.

GNI is a balancing indicator of the primary income distribution account.  Therefore, calculation of this indicator requires formulation of production accounts and income generation accounts, or is based on the GDP and relevant indicator.

a) At current prices

Where:

- (Net) difference between income receivables and payables of employees from or to abroad represents the residual part of the sum of income from salaries, wages (in cash or in kind) and other incomes having the nature of compensations received by Vietnamese workers and employees permanently residing abroad from non-resident production organizations or population units - (minus) the part of expenditure on remuneration paid by non-resident production organizations or population units to foreign workers and employees permanently residing in Vietnam;

- The difference between property income received from abroad and property income paid to abroad represents the remaining part of property income received by resident Vietnamese units or inhabitants from abroad (from non-resident units and inhabitants) – (minus) property income of non-resident Vietnamese units and inhabitants.

Property income or expenditure is composed of the followings:

+ Income or expenditure related to profits from foreign direct investments;

+ Income or expenditure related to profits from investments in financial instruments, such as shares, stocks and other valuable papers and financial instruments;

+ Income or expenditure related to profits generated from rental, leases, use rights, patents, copyrights, trademarks, mining rights incidental to production and lease of land, airspace, territorial waters and concessions, etc.

b) At constant prices

2. Major classifications: Gross and net national income (net national income refers to gross national income less fixed asset depreciation).

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- GDP data: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0501;

- Administrative data;

- Statistical reporting regulation.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0509. GNI-to-GDP ratio

1. Definition and calculation methodology

GNI-to-GDP ratio refers to the percent proportion of GNI to GDP within a specified time period, usually a calendar year.

Calculation formula:

Where:

T - GNI-to-GDP ratio;

GNI - Gross national income estimated within year n;

GDP - Gross domestic product estimated within year n.

2. Major classifications: Gross and net ratio.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources:

- GDP data: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0501;

- GNI data: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0508.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0510. National disposable income (NDI)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

NDI refers to the gross national income generated from production, property incomes and current transfers, and the gross income available to the nation for final consumption and saving.

This is a balancing indicator of the first income redistribution account.  This account shows the balance of primary incomes converted into disposable incomes generated from social transfers in kind.

Calculation method:

a) At current prices

Where:

Current transfer represents the process of exchanging incomes between resident and non-resident units and inhabitants for final consumption purposes. Net current transfer from abroad represents the difference between current transfer receipts from abroad and current transfer payments to abroad:

- Net income and property taxes, including corporate income taxes, personal income tax and other fees or charges levied on property and consumption;

- Other current transfers, including health insurance contributions, retirement and incapacity benefits, accident and risk insurance contributions/payments, yearly, monthly payments, humanitarian aids, gifts and donations of the Government, non-governmental and international organizations, as well as gifts and remittances received by households from and to abroad. 

b) At constant prices:

2. Major classifications: Institutional sectors and the entire economy (biennial period).

3. Release period: Annual, biennial.

4. Data sources

- Survey of living standards of Vietnamese population;

- National statistical reporting system;

- GNI data: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0508.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0511. Saving-to-GDP ratio

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Saving refers to one of the two components of the national disposable income, and equals the difference between national disposable income and final consumption expenditure.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: Institutional sectors and the entire economy (biennial period).

3. Release period: Annual, biennial.

4. Data sources

- National statistical reporting system;

- Statistical indicators in the system of national accounts aggregated and calculated by the General Statistics Office

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0512. Saving-to-asset accumulation ratio

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Saving-to-asset accumulation ratio within a specified time period is calculated according to the following formula:

2. Major classifications: Gross and net ratio.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: Saving and asset accumulation data consolidated and calculated by the General Statistics Office.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0513. Energy consumption and ratio of increase/decrease in manufacturing energy consumption to GDP

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Energy consumption refers to a statistical indicator representing how many dongs of manufacturing energy are created from one dong of GDP.

Ratio of increase/decrease in manufacturing energy consumption to GDP reflects the results of technological, manufacturing process renovation and application of technical breakthroughs and improvements to reduction in energy consumption during production and business operations.  Any increase/decrease in energy consumption is also attributed to any change in the economic structure. It is possible to reduce the ratio of energy consumption to GDP by imposing limits on activities or sectors consuming too much energy, and developing those consuming less energy.

Manufacturing energy comprises petroleum, oil, gas, coal and electricity, etc.

Calculation formula:

Remark:

- Both manufacturing energy consumption and GDP are calculated at the same price (current or constant prices). 

- With respect to each activity or group of activities, GDP indicator is replaced by the respective value added indicator.

2. Major classifications: Economic activity.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Enterprise survey;

- Individual production and business establishment survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0514. Growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Total factor productivity refers to a measure of the output produced by the improved utilization of fixed assets and employees, or intangible factors and impacts thereof including technological innovation, production rationalization, management reform, employee competency enhancement, etc. (hereinafter referred to as total factor). 

The growth rate of total factors is a measure of the rate of production output which is increased due to an increase in the productivity of total factors.

Calculation method:

Aggregate production function is assumed to take the following general form:

Y = f (K, L,t)

Where:

Y (GDP): Gross domestic product;

K and L: Total input of capital and labor force;

t: time.

The simplest assumption about the effect of time is an advancement in economic efficiency of the factors such as technology and management approaches, whereby this effect leads to an increase in the volume of products manufactured by a combination of capital and labor force factors. However, this does not affect relative marginal products of separate production factors. Separate marginal product of a single production factor represents an increase in the output volume produced when total input of that production factor is increased by one unit on conditions that total input of other production factors remains unchanged.

By this assumption, the production function may be written as follows:

Y_t = A_tf(K_t, L_t)

Where A denotes advancement in economic efficiency of technology, management and administration approach, etc. (commonly called total factor productivity).

The growth rate of total factor productivity shall be measured according to the following formula:

G_A= G_Y - β_KG_K - β_LG_L

Where:

G_Y: GDP growth rate;

G_k: Capital growth rate,

G_L: Labor force growth rate;

β_K and β_L: Angle factor of capital and labor force.

2. Major classifications

- Economic sector;

- Economic activity.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Value added or GDP date, and labor data that may be directly used or retrieved for calculation of this indicator from data in the Statistical Yearbook aggregated and released by the General Statistics Office;

- Data on capital or fixed asset value are calculated from multiple sources, and aggregated and released by the General Statistics Office; 

- β_K and β_L factor are measured on the basis of data available in the I/O table established every 5 years, and remaining valid for use in multiple years.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0515. Proportion of participation of capital, labor force and total factor productivity in the overall growth rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Proportion of participation of capital, labor force, total factor productivity is a measure of the percent ratio of participation of specific factors in the overall GDP growth rate.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Economic sector;

- Economic activity.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data source: The same as the data source used in the indicator 0514.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

06. Public finance

0601. State revenue and structure of state revenue

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) State revenue shall comprise:

- Taxes, charges or fees collected;

- Fees collected from services rendered by state regulatory authorities, which will be withheld in case of appropriation of operating expenses; fees collected from services rendered by state-run non-business units and state enterprises, which will be paid to the state budget in accordance with laws;

- Non-refundable aids granted by governments of foreign states, organizations or individuals to the central and local government in Vietnam; 

- Other collections stipulated by laws.

b) Structure of state revenue is defined as an indicator reflecting proportion of separate revenues to aggregate state revenue.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a year or quarter, it is classified by tax types.

b) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Tax type;

- Economic sector;

- Economic activity.

- Ministry, sectoral regulatory authority;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Monthly, quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Finance.

0602. State revenue-to-GDP ratio

1. Calculation method

Note: Both aggregate state revenue and GDP are calculated at current prices.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a quarter, it is classified by main receipt.

b) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Main receipt;

- Economic sector.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0603. Ratio of state revenue mobilized from taxes, fees and charges to GDP

1. Calculation method

Note: Taxes, fees, charges and GDP are all calculated at current prices.

2. Major classifications: Tax type, fee and charge.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0604. State expenditure and structure of state expenditure

1. Definition and calculation methodology

a) State expenditure shall comprise:

- Investment and development expenditure;

- National financial reserves expenditure;

- recurrent expenditure;

- Interest payment expenditure;

- Grant expenditure;

- Other expenditure referred to in laws.

b) Structure of state expenditure is defined as an indicator reflecting proportion of specific expenses to aggregate state expenditure.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of a month, it is classified by the state budget index.

b) For a period of a quarter or year, it is classified by:

- State budget index;

- Economic sector;

- Function;

- Ministry/ sectoral regulatory authority;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Monthly, quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Finance.

0605. State expenditure-to-GDP ratio

1. Definition and calculation methodology

This is a percent proportion of state expenditure to GDP.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Main expense;

- Economic sector.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0606. State budget deficit

1. Definition and calculation methodology

State budget deficit includes central and province-level government budget deficits. Central government budget deficit is determined by the difference between total central government expenditure (except for principal debt payment expenditure) and total central government revenue where the former is greater than the latter. Province-level government budget deficit is defined as total local government deficit of each province which is determined by the difference between total province-level government expenditure (excluding principal debt payment expenditure) and total province-level government revenue in a given province where the former is greater than the latter.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: Compensating source (domestic and/or foreign borrowing)

3. Release period: Monthly, quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Finance.

0607. State budget deficit-to-GDP ratio

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Note: Both state budget deficit and GDP are calculated at current prices.

2. Major classifications: Compensating source.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0608. Government outstanding debt

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Government debt refers to debts incurred from domestic or foreign loans, or those which are signed or issued in the name of the State, Government, or other loans signed, issued, or issued upon authorization by, the Ministry of Finance in accordance with laws.   Government debts shall not comprise of debts issued by the State Bank of Vietnam to implement currency policies over time.

Government outstanding debt is defined as total outstanding debt owed by the Government as of the reporting date.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: Lending source (domestic and/or foreign).

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Finance.

0609. National foreign outstanding debt

1. Definition and calculation methodology

National foreign outstanding debt refers to all of the foreign debts owed by the Government, guaranteed by the Government, or owed by other enterprises and organizations in the form of loan self-borrowing and self-repayment in accordance with Vietnamese laws.  

National foreign outstanding debt is defined as total national foreign debt outstanding as of the reporting date.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: By lender type (Government or enterprise).

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The Ministry of Finance.

- Collaborator: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0610. Outstanding public debt

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Public debt refers to the debt owed by the National Government, guaranteed by the Government, and the debt owed by local governments.

Outstanding public debt is defined as total outstanding public debt owed as of the reporting date.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications: Source of borrowed capital (domestic and/or foreign borrowing).

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The Ministry of Finance.

07. Currency and insurance

0701. Total means of payment

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Total means of payment encompasses cash in circulation outside of banks; deposits made at credit institutions, foreign bank branches by resident organizations or individuals of Vietnam that constitute non-finance, resident household, and non-profit institution sector for the purpose of serving resident households; valuable papers expressed in Vietnamese dong, foreign currency units which are issued by credit institutions, foreign bank branches to organizational or individual residents in Vietnam.

Calculation formula:

2. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

3. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

4. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0702. The rate of increase in total means of payment

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The rate of increase in total means of payment is defined as a measure of how many percents or how many times total means of payment changes over time.

The rate of increase in total means of payment is calculated by a measure of the rate of increase in total means of payment minus one (if expressed in the number of times) or one hundred (if expressed in percent).

Calculation formula:

Where:

IM₂: The rate of increase in total means of payment;

M_2,t: Total means of payment at the end of a given reporting period.

2. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

3. Data sources:

- National statistical reporting system;

- Data on total means of payment is the same as the data source used in the indicator 0701.

4. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0703. Mobilized capital balance of credit institutions

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Mobilized capital balance of credit institutions is defined as the amount of money expressed in Vietnamese dong or any foreign currency unit in a particular period that credit institutions and/or foreign bank branches receive from resident organizations or individuals of Vietnam that constitute non-finance, resident household, and non-profit institution sector for the purpose of serving resident households in the form of demand deposits, definite term deposits, savings and other deposit forms according to the rules where principal and interest are fully paid depositors under contractual terms and conditions.

2. Major classifications

- Currency type (Vietnamese dong, foreign currency);

- Subject of application (economic organizations, resident households);

- Term (definite, indefinite);

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0704. Outstanding credit debts of credit institutions

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Outstanding credit debts of credit institutions refer to total amount of debts denominated in Vietnamese dong and foreign currency unit in a particular period owed by credit institutions to resident individuals or organizations of Vietnam that constitute non-finance, resident household, and non-profit institution sector for the purpose of serving resident households in such forms as lending, discounting and/or re-discounting of negotiable instruments and other similar valuable papers; finance lease; factoring; accounts payable on behalf of organizations or individuals being principal debtors in the event that they fail to pay their debt obligations on payment due date and other operations relating to credit extension which are approved by the State Bank.   

2. Major classifications

- Currency type: Vietnamese dong, foreign currency;

- Term: Short, medium and long term;

- Economic sector;

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0705. Rate of increase in outstanding credit debts of credit institutions

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Rate of increase in outstanding credit debts refers to how many percents and how many times total outstanding credit debt measured as at a specified time changes compared with that measured in the previous time.  

Rate of increase in outstanding credit debts of credit institutions comprises of:

a) Rate of increase in extension of credit denominated in Vietnamese dong: Short, medium and long term.

b) Rate of increase in extension of credit denominated in a foreign currency unit: Short, medium and long term.

The rate of increase in outstanding credit debt is calculated by the indicator of outstanding credit debt increment less one or one hundred.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Currency type: Vietnamese dong, foreign currency;

- Term: Short, medium and long term;

- Economic sector;

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0706. Interest rate

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Interest rate refers to the cost paid for use of borrowed capital. Deposit interest rate refers to the ratio of interest amount to amount of mobilized deposit. Lending interest rate refers to the ratio of interest amount to loan amount. Interbank interest rate refers to the interest rate at which capital is transacted between banks.

Interest rate is classified into:

a) Deposit interest rate which is subdivided into VND and foreign currency interest rate, including indefinite-term saving deposit interest rate and definite-term saving deposit interest rate (3, 6, 12 months, from more than 12 to 24 months, and more than 24 months), interest rate on deposits made by issuing valuable papers including those that have the maturity term of shorter than 12 months and at least 12 months.

b) Lending interest rate which is subdivided into VND and foreign currency interest rate, including short, medium and long-term interest rate.

c) Interbank interest rate which is categorized by maturity term, including overnight, 1-week, 2-week, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month interest rate.

Calculation method:

Saving deposit interest rate and valuable papers issuance interest rate are reported according to the rate of interest in arrears. Quarterly and annual average interest rate on deposits and loans by specific maturity terms are calculated by using the ordinary unweighted arithmetic mean of actual and common deposit and lending interest rate applied by credit institutions in a specified reporting period.

Quarterly and annual average interbank interest rate by specific maturity terms are calculated by using the ordinary unweighted arithmetic mean of interest rates on capital transactions between banks.

2. Major classifications

- Interbank, deposit and lending Interest rate;

- Currency type, form of deposit mobilization and term.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0707. Balance of international payments

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Balance of international payments refers to the statistical report on all economic transactions between the residents and non-residents in Vietnam in a particular period.

The table of balance of international payments includes the following components:

a) Current account

Freight: FOB exports

Freight: FOB imports

Goods (net value)

Service: Exports

Service: Imports

Service (net value)

Income (primary income): Receipt

Income (primary income): Expense

Income (primary income): net value

Current account transfers (Secondary income): Receipts

Current account transfers (Secondary income): Expenses

Current account transfers (Secondary income) (net value)

b) Capital account

Capital account: Receipts

Capital account: Expenses

Sum of current accounts and capital accounts

c) Financial account

Outward direct investments: Credit entry

Inward direct investments: Debit entry

Direct investments (net value)

Outward indirect investments: Credit entry

Share capital and treasury stocks

Debt securities

Inward indirect investments: Debit entry

Share capital and treasury stocks

Debt securities

Indirect investments (net value)

Derivative financial instruments (falling outside of reserves): Credit entry

Derivative financial instruments (falling outside of reserves): Debit entry

Derivative financial instruments (falling outside of reserves) (net value)

Other investments: Credit entry

Cash and deposits

Foreign lending and foreign debt collections

Short term

Long term

Commercial credit and advance payments

Other receivables/ payables

Other investments: Debit entry

Cash and deposits

Foreign borrowing and foreign debt repayments

Short term

Long term

Commercial credit and advance payments

Other receivables/ payables

Other investments (net value)

d) Errors and omissions

dd) Overall balance of payments

e) Reserves and related items

Reserve assets

IMF credit and loans

Special finance

Calculation method:

Balance of international payments is compiled according to the following principles:

- Conform to international conventions for statistics on balance of international payments and practical conditions in Vietnam;

- Use US dollar (USD) as unit of account;

- The exchange rate for Vietnamese dong (VND) to USD is the central exchange rate quoted by the State Bank at end of a specified reporting period;

- Conversion of foreign currency units other than USD into USD shall be provided for as follows:

+ Conversion of foreign currency unit into VND at the cross rate between VND and that foreign currency unit quoted by the State Bank is to assess export and import duty applicable in a given reporting period;

+ After conversion into VND, conversion into USD is based on the central exchange rate quoted by the State Bank at end of the reporting period.

- The date of compilation of statistical report on transactions is the date of change of ownership between residents and non-residents in Vietnam;

- Value of transactions is determined according to the market principle upon the transaction date.

Basic accounting relationships in the balance of payments:

- Current account includes all transactions between residents and non-residents in Vietnam regarding goods, services and employee income, incomes earned from investments and current transfers.

Calculation formula:

- Capital account includes all of transactions between residents and non-residents regarding capital transfers, purchase, sale of non-financial, non-productive assets of Government and private sector.

Calculation formula:

- Capital account includes all of the transactions between residents and non-residents regarding direct investments, indirect investments, financial derivative transactions, foreign borrowings and foreign debt repayments, commercial credit lines, cash and deposits.

Calculation formula:

Other investment includes all of the transactions between residents and non-residents in Vietnam regarding foreign borrowings and foreign debt repayments, commercial credit lines, cash and deposits.

Calculation formula:

- Errors and omissions refer to the difference between the sum of current account, capital account and financial account, and the overall balance of payments. 

Calculation formula:

Errors and omissions (D) = E - (A + B + C).

- The overall balance of payments is determined by changes in official foreign exchange reserves of the general government caused by transactions in the reporting period (E= -F)

- Reserves and other related components are determined by changes in official foreign exchange reserves of the general government caused by transactions in the reporting period.

2. Major classifications: Transaction type.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources

- Administrative data;

- National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0708. Current account-to-GDP ratio

1. Calculation method

2. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

3. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

4. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0709. Outward and inward indirect investment

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Outward indirect investment refers to an investment in Vietnam in the form of purchase and sale of securities or other similar valuable papers, or through a securities investment fund and other intermediate financial institution, made by a resident unit as per laws and regulations on behalf of a non-resident unit which is not directly involved in administering investment activities within the territory of Vietnam.

Outward indirect investment refers to an investment made in the form of purchase and sale of securities or other similar valuable papers, or through overseas securities investment funds and other intermediate financial institutions, by a resident unit within Vietnam which is not directly involved in administering investment activities within foreign countries.

2. Major classifications: Investment instrument.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The State Bank of Vietnam;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Finance.

0710. Interbank average exchange rate between Vietnamese dong (VND) and US dollar (USD)

1. Definition and calculation methodology

The central exchange rate between VND and USD refers to the rate announced by the State Bank of Vietnam on a daily basis which is determined with reference to any fluctuation in the weighted average rate occurring on the interbank or international forex market for several currency units of states that have established major commercial, lending or borrowing, or debt repayment, relationship with Vietnam, macroeconomic and currency balances, and in line with to monetary policy goals.

The interbank average exchange rate between Vietnamese dong (VND) and US dollar (USD) is calculated on the basis of average of central exchange rates between VND and USD.

2. Release period: Monthly, quarterly, annual.

3. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

4. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The State Bank of Vietnam.

0711. Total insurance premium income and payment

I. Total insurance premium income

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Calculation formula:

a) Non-life insurance premium income

Insurance premium income reflects total revenue derived from original premiums and ceded reinsurance premiums minus (-) items such as original insurance reductions, ceded reinsurance premium reductions, insurance premium refunds, ceded reinsurance premium refunds, or differences (increase or decrease) in original insurance premium and ceded reinsurance premium reserves during a specified reporting period, of non-life insurance enterprises.    

Calculation formula:

Where:

- Original insurance premium reflects total income derived from original insurance premiums after subtracting (-) original insurance premium reductions and original insurance premium refunds estimated within a specified reporting period in non-life insurance enterprises;

- Ceded reinsurance premium reflects total income derived from ceded reinsurance premiums after subtracting (-) ceded reinsurance premium reductions and ceded reinsurance premium refunds estimated within a specified reporting period in non-life insurance enterprises;

- Increase or decrease in original insurance premium and ceded reinsurance premium reserves reflects the level of increase and decrease in unearned original insurance premium and ceded reinsurance premium reserves, and is the amount of difference between the amount of original insurance premium, ceded reinsurance premium reserve set aside in a given financial year and the amount of original insurance premium, ceded reinsurance premium reserve carried forward from the previous year.   

b) Life insurance premium income

Insurance premium income reflects total revenue derived from original premiums and ceded reinsurance premiums minus (-) items such as original insurance reductions, ceded reinsurance premium reductions, insurance premium refunds, ceded reinsurance premium refunds, or differences (increase or decrease) in unearned original insurance premium and ceded reinsurance premium reserves during a specified reporting period, of life insurance enterprises.   

Where:

- Original insurance premium reflects total income derived from original insurance premiums after subtracting (-) original insurance premium reductions and original insurance premium refunds arising within a specified reporting period in life insurance enterprises;

- Ceded reinsurance premium reflects total income derived from ceded reinsurance premiums after subtracting (-) ceded reinsurance premium reductions and ceded reinsurance premium refunds arising within a specified reporting period in life insurance enterprises;

- Increase or decrease in unearned insurance premium and ceded reinsurance premium reserves reflects the level of increase and decrease in unearned original insurance premium and ceded reinsurance premium reserves, and is the amount of difference between the amount of unearned original insurance premium, ceded reinsurance premium reserve set aside in a given financial year and the amount of unearned original insurance premium, ceded reinsurance premium reserve carried forward from the previous year.   

2. Major classifications

- Business type;

- Insurance operation (life and non-life insurance).

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Enterprise survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The Ministry of Finance;

- Collaborator: The General Statistics Office.

II. Total insurance payment

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Calculation formula:

a) Non-life insurance indemnity payment

This indicator reflect total expenditure incurred by original insurance and ceded reinsurance indemnity and other expenses relating to insurance coverage activities in case of loss occurrences less (-) accounts receivable recorded as an decrease in indemnity payments, including receivables collected from the third party’s payment of indemnity, goods to which any loss or damage has been fully covered under insurance contracts by non-life insurance enterprises during a given reporting period.      

Calculation formula:

Where:

- Aggregate indemnity payment reflects the sum of payment of original insurance and ceded reinsurance indemnity and other expenses relating to insurance coverage activities in case of loss occurrences such as payments of indemnity to insurance beneficiaries, payments for loss assessment, survey, collection of information about occurrences, payments for treatment of goods to which any loss or damage has been fully covered under insurance contracts by non-life insurance enterprises during a given reporting period;    

- Deductions reflect total income derived from reductions in payments of original insurance and ceded reinsurance indemnity, including receivables collected from the third party’s payment of indemnity, goods to which any loss or damage has been fully covered under insurance contracts by non-life insurance enterprises during a given reporting period.     

b) Sum of life insurance indemnity payments and payouts

This indicator reflects total payment of insurance indemnity and payout by life insurance enterprise after subtracting incomes derived from an decrease in insurance indemnity payments and payouts (including income derived from ceded reinsurance indemnity), and after adjustment to increases or decreases in original insurance and ceded reinsurance reserves arising during a specified reporting period.

Calculation formula:

Where:

- Expenses for insurance indemnity payments and payouts reflect total amount spent on paying insurance indemnity and payouts by life insurance enterprises within a given reporting period;     

- Income derived from ceded reinsurance indemnity reflects total amount spent on paying insurance indemnity and payouts which are collected by accepting enterprises to decrease indemnity payments and payouts by life insurance enterprises within a given reporting period;     

- Increase (decrease) in original insurance reserves reflects the level of increase and decrease in original insurance reserves, and is the amount of difference between the amount of original insurance reserves set aside in a given financial year and the amount of original insurance reserves carried forward from the previous year;   

- Increase (decrease) in ceded reinsurance reserves reflects the level of increase and decrease in ceded reinsurance reserves, and is the amount of difference between the amount of ceded reinsurance reserves set aside in a given financial year and the amount of ceded reinsurance reserves carried forward from the previous year.

2. Major classifications

- Business type;

- Insurance operation (life and non-life insurance).

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Enterprise survey;

- Administrative data.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The Ministry of Finance;

- Collaborator: The General Statistics Office.

0712. Number of social, health and unemployment insurance contribution payers

1. Definition, calculation methodology and major classifications

a) Number of social insurance contribution payers

Number of social insurance contribution payers includes the number of people paying mandatory social insurance contributions and the number of people paying voluntary social insurance contributions.

Mandatory social insurance is defined as a type of state-run social security schemes in which participation of employees and employers is compulsory.

Voluntary social insurance is defined as a type of state-run social security schemes in which participants have the option of the contribution rate and method which are suitable for their income, and the Government subsidizes social insurance contributions in order for participants to qualify for retirement and death benefits.

The number of people paying mandatory social insurance contribution is composed of the followings:

- Employees who are Vietnamese citizens eligible for participating in the compulsory social insurance system include: 

+ Employees working under indefinite term employment contracts, fixed term employment contracts, seasonal employment contracts, employment contracts for specific work duties that have the validity period ranging from entire 3 months to less than 12 months, even including employment contracts entered into between employers and legal representatives of employees at under 5 years of age in accordance with laws on labor;

+ Employees working under employment contracts that have the validity period ranging from entire 1 month to less than 3 months;

+ Officials, public employees and civil servants;

+ National defence, public security civilian workers and other employees working for cryptographic organizations;

+ Professional military officers and civilians in the People’s Army; operations officers, non-commissioned officers, and engineering officers and non-commissioned officers in the People’s Public Security; employees assigned cryptographic tasks who are paid the same salaries as military civilians; non-commissioned officers and military soldier in the People's Army; non-commissioned officers and soldiers in the People's Public Security who serve in the public security force in a limited time; trainees in the military, public security and cryptographic force who are currently joining training programs to receive accommodation and subsistence payments;

+ Employees working abroad under employment contracts referred to in the Law on Vietnamese employees working abroad under employment contracts;

+ Managers of business entities, and executive or general managers of cooperatives, who are paid salaries;

+ Employees working part time at communes, wards or commune-level towns.

- Employees who are foreign nationals working in Vietnam and granted work permits, practice certificates or permits by Vietnamese regulatory authorities shall be eligible for participating in the compulsory social insurance scheme in accordance with the Government’s regulations;

- Employers participating in the compulsory social insurance scheme comprise state bodies, non-business units, people’s armed forces; political institutions, socio-political organizations, political - social - occupational establishments, socio-professional organizations, and other social organizations; foreign institutional or organizational entities, and international organizations, operating within the territory of Vietnam; businesses, cooperatives, individual businesses, cooperative groups, other organizations, and individual entities employing and hiring employees under employment contracts.

Participants in the voluntary social insurance system must be Vietnamese citizens who reach 15 years of age or older, and must not be required to participate in the compulsory social insurance scheme.

Major classifications: Insurance type, centrally-affiliated province/city.

b) Number of health insurance contribution payers

Health insurance is defined as a type of compulsory insurance applied to entities governed by regulations of the Law on Health Insurance for health care and non-profit purposes, and run by the State.

The number of health insurance contribution payers refers to the number of people participating in payment of contributions to health insurance scheme which is categorized into 5 groups:

- Group of health insurance contributions paid by employees and employers, including:

+ Employees working under indefinite term employment contracts, or employment contracts that have the validity period of more than entire 3 months; employees who are managers in businesses paid salaries; officials, civil servants and public employees (hereinafter referred to as employee);

+ Employees working part time at communes, wards or commune-level towns in accordance with laws and regulations.

- Group of health insurance contributions paid by social insurance organizations, including:

+ Persons paid monthly retirement pensions and incapacity benefits;

+ Persons paid monthly social insurance benefits for accidents at work, occupational diseases or any type of illness that requires a long-term treatment plan; persons at age of 80 years or older who receive monthly annuity payments;   

+ Officials working in commune, ward and commune-level town authorities who have already quitted their work and are currently paid monthly social insurance benefits;

+ Persons currently paid unemployment benefits.

- Group of health insurance contributions paid by the state budget, including:

+ Professional military officers, civilians, non-commissioned officers and military soldiers on active duty; operations officers, non-commissioned officers, and engineering officers and non-commissioned officers in the people’s public security force; trainees in the people’s public security force, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers that serve in the people's public security force within a definite term; employees assigned cryptographic duties who are paid the same salaries as military civilians; cryptographic trainees who qualify for benefits and allowances which are the same as trainees in military and public security institutes;  

+ Officials working in commune, ward and commune-level town authorities who have already quitted their work and are currently receiving monthly social insurance benefits from the State budget;

+ Persons who have no longer received occupational incapacity benefits and are currently receiving monthly social insurance benefits from the State budget;

+ Persons who performed meritorious services during the revolution and elderly veterans;

+ Incumbent deputies of the National Assembly, People’s Council at all levels;

+ Children under age of 6;

+ Officials working in commune, ward and commune-level town authorities who have already quitted from their work and are currently paid monthly social protection benefits;

+ Residents living in poor households; people of minority groups living in areas of socio-economic disadvantage; people living in areas of extreme socio-economic disadvantage; people living on commune or district-level islands;  

+ Relatives or families of persons rendering meritorious revolutionary services, including natural fathers, mothers, wives or husbands or sons or daughters of war martyrs; persons taking care of war martyrs in the past;

+ Relatives or families of persons rendering meritorious revolutionary services other than those referred to in Point i Clause 3 Article 12 of the Law on Amendments to several articles in the Law on Health Insurance;

+ Relatives or families of persons referred to in Point a Clause 3 Article 12 of the Law on Amendments to several articles in the Law on Health Insurance;

+ Donors of human organs stipulated by laws and regulations;

+ Foreigners currently studying in Vietnam who receive scholarships from the state budget of Vietnam.

- Group of health insurance contributions subsidized by the state budget, including:

+ Household residents living in near poverty;

+ Pupils and students.

- Group of household-specific health insurance participants comprises household residents other than those referred to in Clause 1, 2, 3 and 4 Article 12 of the Law on Amendments to several articles in the Law on Health Insurance.

Major classifications: Group of health insurance participants, centrally-affiliated province/city.

c) Number of unemployment insurance contribution payers

Unemployment insurance refers to a system aimed at compensating for a part of income of employees who have lost their jobs, and providing them with different kinds of support, including vocational training, ongoing job security and job seeking, by their voluntary payments to the insurance fund. 

The number of health insurance contribution payers refers to the number of people participating in payment of contributions to the unemployment insurance scheme who are specifically identified as follows:

- Employees are bound to participate in the unemployment insurance scheme when they are employed under the following types of employment contracts:

+ Indefinite term employment contracts;

+ Fixed term employment contracts;

+ Seasonal or work-specific employment contracts that have the validity period ranging from entire 3 months to less than 3 months.

Where employees have entered into and are currently executing multiple employment contracts, employees and employers signed in the first employment contract shall be responsible for participating in the unemployment insurance scheme.

- Employees, referred to in Clause 1 Article 43 of the Law on Employment, who are currently paid retirement pensions and working for their family businesses shall not be required to participate in the unemployment insurance scheme.

- Employers participating in the unemployment insurance scheme comprise state bodies, public non-business units, people’s armed forces; political institutions, socio-political organizations, political - social - occupational establishments, socio-professional organizations, and other social organizations; foreign institutional or organizational entities, and international organizations, operating within the territory of Vietnam; businesses, cooperatives, resident households, home-based businesses, cooperative groups, other organizations, and individuals employing and hiring employees under employment contracts.

Major classifications: Centrally-governed province/ city.

2. Release period: Annual.

3. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

4. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: Vietnam Social Security.

0713. Number of social, health and unemployment insurance beneficiaries

1. Definition, calculation methodology and major classifications

a) Number of social insurance beneficiaries

The number of social insurance beneficiaries refers to the number of social insurance participants who have received social insurance payments (calculated based on the number of participants irrespective of whether a participant receives benefits from different social security schemes).

The number of social insurance beneficiaries shall receive the following insurance benefits: sickness, maternity and paternity; occupational accident, illness; retirement; death gratuity.

Major classifications: Benefit type; insurance payment time; one-time/monthly payment; centrally-governed province/ city.

b) The number of health insurance beneficiaries

The number of health insurance beneficiaries refers to the number of health insurance participants who have received health insurance payments for their health care costs (calculated based on the number of visits paid by the insured to health care service establishments).

Major classifications: Group of health insurance participants; treatment type; inpatient/ outpatient; centrally-affiliated province/city.

c) The number of unemployment insurance beneficiaries

The number of health insurance beneficiaries refers to the number of unemployment insurance participants who have received health insurance payments in case they lose their jobs or become unemployed (calculated based on the number of unemployment insurance beneficiaries).

Major classifications: Benefit type: Unemployment/ vocational training/ professional skill improvement training; centrally-governed province/ city.

2. Release period: Annual.

3. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

4. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: Vietnam Social Security.

0714. Social, health and unemployment insurance receipts and expenses

I. Social, health and unemployment insurance receipts

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Social, health and unemployment insurance receipts are the amount received from:

- State budget;

- Employers;

- Social, health and unemployment insurance contribution payers;

- Profits from investments derived from social, health and unemployment insurance funds;

- Other revenue sources.

2. Major classifications

- Revenue source;

- Revenue type;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: Vietnam Social Security.

II. Social, health and unemployment insurance expenses

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Social, health and unemployment insurance expenses are the amounts actually paid to social, health and unemployment insurance beneficiaries in accordance with laws and regulations. Expenses are derived from:

- State budget;

- Social insurance fund;

- Health insurance fund;

- Unemployment insurance fund.

2. Major classifications

- Expenditure source;

- Expenditure type;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Quarterly, annual.

4. Data sources: National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: Vietnam Social Security.

08. Agriculture, forestry and fishery

0801. Annual crop area under cultivation

1. Definition and calculation methodology

This indicator means the area used to sow agricultural crops that take less than 1 year to grow from the sowing to harvesting time, including:  

- Paddy rice crops;

- Maize and other cereals (wheat, oat and sorghum);

- Arrowroot: sweet potato, manioc, taro, etc.;

- Sugar canes;

- Tobacco or mapacho plants;

- Fiber crops: jutes, sedges and cottons;

- Cereal crops: groundnuts, soya-beans and sesames;

- Vegetables, legumes, flowers and ornamental plants: water spinaches, kohlrabies, etc;

- Annual spice and herbal crops: chili peppers, mugworts, etc.;

- Other annual crops: forage or fodder grasses or crops, etc.

The area under cultivation thereof is calculated according to specific cropping seasons. As there are various agricultural practices of growing or cultivating annual crops, the method of measuring area under cultivation is regulated as follows:

- Open-air cropping area: A single crop is grown over an area of land in a cropping season at a normal density.

Total sown area is equal to the amount of area under cultivation of that crop;

- Intercropping area: Multiple crops are cultivated and grown together in the same area of land according to which farming practice the main crop is grown at the normal density and the intercrop is grown at the lower density with the aim of enhancing cultivated soil utilization. Thus, the area under cultivation of the main crop is calculated by using the same method applied to the open-air crop while the area under cultivation of the intercrop may be converted into the area under cultivation of the open-air crop based on the actual crop population density or the amount of seeds sown;

- Relay cropping area is an area where a successive crop is grown into a preceding crop which are about to be harvested for the purpose of making more efficient use of growing space and timing.   Area of both the preceding crop and the relay crop are calculated by using the calculation method applied to the open-air crop.

- Extended cropping area is an area where a crop is grown once and harvests for years. Area under cultivation thereof is counted on each growing season.

2. Major classifications

- Main crop type;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Seasonal, annual.

4. Data source: Survey of total area under cultivation of agricultural crops.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0802. + Area under cultivation of perennial crops

1. Definition and calculation methodology

This indicator means the area for cultivation of agricultural crops that take more than 1 year to grow from the sowing to harvesting time and may be harvested for years.

a) Area under cultivation of perennial crops is an area of plants which are still alive as of the observation date, and derived from all of the economic sectors existing within the statistical region, including area of intensively-grown crops and the number of crops extensively cultivated on the entire area of such land types as contract-based allocated, contracted, farm and newly-reclaimed land, etc.

Area under cultivation of perennial crops includes:

- Area under cultivation of fruit crops, including orange, pomelo, banana, pineapple, mango, longan, rambutan, avocado, jackfruit, durian, mangosteen, dragon fruit and apple;

- Area under cultivation of oil-bearing fruit crops, including coconut, palm;

- Area under cultivation of cashew nuts;

- Area under cultivation of peppers;

- Area under cultivation of rubber plants;

- Area under cultivation of coffee plants;

- Area under cultivation of tea plants;

- Area under cultivation of perennial spice and herbal crops: ginger, amomum, artichoke;

- Other perennials, including mulberry, betel and areca palm, etc.

b) Current perennial cultivation area (which is calculated as of a given survey or reporting period)

Calculation formula:

- Area of intensively-grown perennial crops includes land areas covering at least 100 m² for cultivation of perennial crops.

Area of intensively-grown perennial crops is defined as land pieces immediately contiguous to each other that cover an area of at least 100 m² per each, and are cultivated at the density conforming to local required cropping standards.  

Calculation formula:

Where:

+ Area of newly-cultivated perennial crops refers to an area under cultivation of perennial crops which have been cultivated from the 1^st day of January to the 31^st day of December in the reporting year, and accredited as conforming to regulatory farming standards.   Any area which fails to meet regulatory farming standards within a given year and is subject to repetitive cultivations required to meet accredited standards is only calculated as an area for one new cultivation as of the year-end observation date; or if any area of newly-cultivated crops is identified within that year and such crops are dead by the observation date, this area is not counted as an area of newly-cultivated crops;

+ Area of early-established perennial crops refers to an area in which perennial crops are nurtured and not ready for harvest, including areas under cultivation of early harvested perennial crops;

+ Area of productive perennial crops refers to an area of perennial crops which have already experienced an early crop establishment stage and have been at the stable crop production time. Example: Rubber crops are normally harvested 7 years after cultivation; coffee beans are harvested 3 years after planting or cultivation. 

- Area of productive extensively-cultivated perennial crops shall be calculated by using the number of productive extensively-cultivated perennials and population density thereof as the basis for conversion into intensively cropped area.  

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Main crop type;

- Newly cultivated/ productive area;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data source: Survey of total area under cultivation of agricultural crops.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0803. Yield of certain major crops

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Crop yield is defined as the number of primary products obtained per a unit planted or harvested area of a certain agricultural crop in a crop production season or an entire year by a farm production unit, local jurisdiction or entire nation.

There is the difference in the formula for calculating yield of annual and perennial crops.

a) With respect to annual crops, there are two types of yield such as yield per sown area and yield per harvested area.

- Yield per sown area refers to the production of a crop per the entire cultivated area, including the area of a totally lost crop.

Calculation formula:

- Yield per harvested area refers to the production of a crop per harvested area, excluding the area of a totally lost crop.

Calculation formula:

b) With respect to perennial crops, only the yield on productive area is calculated in a given cropping season or year, regardless of whether there is any product coming out in that season or year (otherwise called operating area), excluding newly-cultivated area, and area under early crop establishment which has yet to be put into operation.      

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Crop type;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Seasonal, annual.

4. Data sources:

- Survey of annual crop yield and productivity;

- Survey of perennial crop yield and productivity.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0804. Production of certain major crops

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Crop production refers to the volume of primary products of specific agricultural crops or a group of agricultural crops obtained in a cropping season or within a given year by a crop production unit, local jurisdiction or the entire nation, including:   

- Harvested production of annual crops (paddy, maize; sweet potato, cassava, vegetable, bean, soya-bean, sugarcane, tobacco, groundnut, sedge, etc.) is estimated based on crop production season;

- Harvested production of perennial crops (tea, coffee, rubber, pepper, orange, mango, longan, lychee, rambutan and pineapple, etc.) Perennial crop production includes production of stable productive area and production of early-harvested perennial crops. Calculation of perennial crop production is carried out once a year.

Crop production is calculated according to product forms relative to specific products. Crop production of such products as paddy, maize, green bean, soya-bean, etc., is calculated in the form of dry grain or seed; sweet potato, potato, cassava in the form of fresh tuber; tea in the form of fresh bud, coffee in the form of dry bean, rubber in the form of dry latex, orange in the form of fresh fruit, etc.

Calculation formula:

2. Major classifications

- Crop type;

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Seasonal, annual.

4. Data sources

- Survey of annual crop yield and productivity;

- Survey of perennial crop yield and production.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

The General Statistics Office

0805. Balance of certain major agricultural products

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Balance of agricultural products refers to a system of indicators representing a relationship between the supply and consumption source of specific agricultural products within a nation during a given period (usually 1 year). With respect to each agricultural product, total supply source equals total consumption of that product over time periods.

For the purpose of preparing the balance chart of an agricultural product, the following components must be determined:

- Total supply of an agricultural product estimated in a given period.

Calculation formula:

+ Changes in inventories refer to the fluctuation in inventories in a given year occurring from the production to retail stage; changes in inventories include increases or decreases in the number of these agricultural products stored in warehouses or storage facilities of the State, production, import, export, wholesaling and retailing, shipping and logistics companies, and business households or farms. 

- Production output in a given period refers to total amount of that agricultural product estimated in a given year (exclusive of any loss occurring during the harvest process). 

- Total import refers to total amount of products moved from abroad into a country across borders in a given year.

- Total consumption of an agricultural product estimated in a given period.

Calculation formula:

+ Amount used for animal feed production purpose refers to the volume of agricultural products used to feed cattle, poultry and other livestock, and processed products which can be used to feed livestock but are not set apart in the food balance chart;

+ Amount used for breeding purpose refers to an amount of agricultural products used for reproductive purposes, such as seeds to sow and eggs to hatch;

+ Amount used for processing purpose refers to an amount of agricultural products used for manufacturing of food products such as noodles, cakes, cookies, candies, sausages, etc.

+ Amount used for other purposes refers to the number of agricultural products used for producing non-food  and other food products such as coconut for soap making, cassava used as fuel, etc.; consumed by foreign tourists; used in statistical errors, etc.

+ Losses refer to the amount of agricultural products lost during the production through consumption, storage and transportation stage. However, pre- and during-harvest losses must be excluded. Losses occurring during family household's consumption are also excluded, i.e. losses occurring during storage, cooking activities, domestic leftover or throw-away food used to feed livestock;

+ Exports refer to all of movements of agricultural products out of a country within a specified year, including temporary imports and re-exports;

+ Amount used for eating purpose refers to the volume of agricultural products available for human consumption within a particular year, expressed in weight. Per capita data are calculated on the basis of average population permanently residing within a specified year, except for aliens.

Formula for calculating total supply of agricultural products for consumption:

2. Major classifications

- Agricultural product type;

- Source;

- Purpose of use.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Annual surveys;

- National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0806. Number of cattle, poultry and other livestock

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Number of cattle, poultry and other livestock refers to the number of cattle, poultry and other livestock heads in the animal farming industry estimated as of the observation period, including:

a) The number of cattle:

- The number of buffaloes, inclusive of buffaloes used for meat and ploughing, estimated at the observation time (including buffalo calves newly born after 24 hours).

- The number of bovines, including the number of bovines used for meat, ploughing and milk, estimated at the survey time (including calves newly born after 24 hours).

+ The number of dairy cattle refers to the population of cattle derived from dairy cattle breeds which are kept and raised especially for milk.

+ The number of dairy cows refers to the population of dairy cows which have given at least one litter.

- The number of female swine, swine raised for meat and hogs (except piglets).

+ The number of female swine refers to pigs which are separately and selectively kept and raised for farrowing and those which give birth to at least 1 litter.

+ The number of sows refers to the population of sows which have given birth to at least one litter.

+ The number of hogs includes male pigs raised for hogging purposes.

- The number of other cattle includes horses, goats, sheep, stags, deer, rabbits, dogs, etc.

b) The number of poultry:

- The number of chickens is composed of the number of domestic, indigenous chickens, and hybrid chickens created by crossing domestic, indigenous chickens with imported breeds and industrially-farmed chickens for meat and eggs (Only including those aged 1 year or older. With respect to industrially-farmed chickens, only including those aged 7 days or older).

+ Industrially-farmed chickens include several chicken breeds usually derived from foreign chicken breeds which are raised especially for meat (broiler chickens) or farmed especially for eggs (egg-laying hens). Industrially-farmed chickens usually produce high yield of meat or eggs, are farmed in large quantities during the closed process and entirely fed by industrially-produced animal feed.

+ Egg-laying hens include domestic/indigenous chickens and industrially-farmed chickens reared for eggs.

- The number of ducks and geese bred for meat and eggs (only including those aged 1 month or older).

- The number of other poultry, including quails, pigeons, ostriches, etc.

c) Other livestock:

The number of other livestock, including bees, pythons, snakes, etc.

2. Major classifications

- Livestock type;

- Animal farming form (business/farm/family household);

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Biannual, annual.

4. Data sources: Animal farming survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0807. Production of certain major livestock products

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Production of certain major livestock products refers to total amount of primary cattle, poultry and other main livestock products resulted from a combination of two components such as animal farming workforce and the livestock’s natural maturity during a given period of a quarter, 6 months or a year, including:    

- Production of livestock sold on a liveweight basis: Live weights of herds of cattle, poultry and other livestock which are sold or slaughtered on farms during that period; which are other than those sold to meet breeding, egg-laying and ploughing demands; which are stunted and are suffering diseases but still slaughtered for meat;

- Production of livestock products without requiring any slaughter: Products obtained by farming cattle, poultry and other livestock without requiring any slaughter thereof, including raw milk, eggs, silkworm cocoons, honey, sheep hides, antlers,...

2. Major classifications

- Product type;

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Biannual, annual.

4. Data sources: Animal farming survey.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation: The General Statistics Office.

0808. Concentrated area of newly-planted forests

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Concentrated area of newly-planted forests refers to land used for planting forest crops meeting required cultivation standards and covering an area of at least 0.5 ha, including a strip of plants which is at least 20 m wide and encompasses not less than 3 lines of plants, which occurs during a specified period (quarter, 6 months, 9 months and year).

This is composed of concentrated area of forest newly planted by economic activities during that period. This excludes area of industrial plants such as rubber, coffee and tea, etc. cultivated on forest land parcels by using funds from forestry programs and projects.  Concentrated area of newly-planted forest estimated within this period but failing to meet required cultivation standards shall be subject to felling for secondary or third replanting shall be counted as one unit newly-planted area.

With reference to planting purposes, concentrated area of newly-planted forest shall be classified into area of newly-planted production forest, area of newly-planted protection forest and area of newly-planted special-use forest.

2. Major classifications

a) For a period of 6 months, it is classified by forest types.

b) For a period of a year, it is classified by:

- Forest type (classified by planting purposes);

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Biannual, annual.

4. Data sources:

- Forestry survey;

- National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

0809. Production of wood and non-wood forest products

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Production volume of wood and non-wood forest products refers to weight of timber, logs, bamboos, neohouzeaua bamboos, bamboo reeds and white bamboos, etc. and natural forest products such as lac, plant resin, oil-bearing fruits and seed-bearing fruits, etc. produced and collected from natural forests and planted forests during a specified period.

- Production of wood including roundwood, crude wood, sawnwood, wood beams, debarked wooden poles, posts, railway wood sleepers.

- Production of non-wood products including timber logs, bamboos, white bamboos, commercial neohouzeaua bamboos, neohouzeaua bamboos used as raw materials for paper production, etc.

- Production of other products collected from forests, including lac, ordinary and aromatic plant resin, oil-bearing fruits and others.  

2. Major classifications

a) Production of wood is classified by:

- Economic activity;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

b) Production of main non-wood forest products is classified by:

- Forest product type;

- Centrally-governed province/ city.

3. Release period: Annual.

4. Data sources

- Forestry survey;

- National statistical reporting system.

5. Regulatory bodies responsible for data collection and aggregation

- Principal investigator: The General Statistics Office;

- Collaborator: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

0810. Aquaculture area

1. Definition and calculation methodology

Aquaculture area refers to area of natural or artificial water surface used for aquacultural activities during a given period, including area of ponds, lakes, tarns, paddy fields, salterns, closed river sections, pools, bays, lagoons, artificial sandy ponds, coastal tidal flats, and irrigation reservoirs and dams allowed for fish farming and protection of aquatic resources to be harvested, and enclosed areas on rivers, large lakes and coasts for aquaculture, and area of embankments and irrigation trenches; sediment and refining ponds, etc. 

Aquaculture area excludes area of facilities auxiliary to fish farming activities, such as area used for construction of power transformation stations, workplaces, tents, warehouses/facilities for storage/processing of food, etc., and area of water surface which is not used for fish culture.

Calculation formula:

Where:

+ Number of fish farming seasons refers to the number of total harvests within a given period. If, within this period, a farming season is subject to multiple harvests carried out to reduce farmed seafood population, introduction of new fish or seafood to repopulate harvested areas, and is unspecified, it is simply counted as one.        This usually happens to extensive fish farming practice and improved one;

+ Area of water surface used for aquaculture activities shall be calculated with respect to main species. Main species are identified according to initial purposes of aquaculture farmers and usually are highest-value or highest-yielding ones.

With regard to unfixed area of water surfaces (which may be increased or decreased by monsoon and tidal effects, etc.), only the average and relatively fixed part of aquaculture area shall be calculated during that period.

With regard to low-lying fields intended for shrimp or fish farming activities, only area of water surface which is at least 30 cm deep and has been used for aquaculture for more than 3 months shall be counted.

- If the same area is used in multiple farming seasons and fish or seafood species are different in these seasons, species-specific aquaculture area estimated within that period shall be calculated. 

For the purpose of study and classification criteria, aquaculture area shall be classified by:

a) Water type:

- Freshwater aquaculture area refers to area of land for aquaculture located on mainlands or islands or zones which have not been invaded by seawater, such as rivers, springs, irrigation dam, flooded and low-lying land (low-lying or muddy fields, etc.), and have salinity of below 0.5‰.

- Brackish water aquaculture area refers to area of land for aquaculture situated within regions where mainlands are contiguous to sea (estuaries, small river mouths, etc. where freshwater flowing from mainlands meets saltwater); having salinity ranging from 0.5 to 20‰.

- Saltwater aquaculture area refers to area of land for aquaculture situated at sea regions (having seawater salinity of more than 20‰).   Sea region starts from low-tide waterline seawards.

b) Aquafarming method:

- Intensive aquafarming refers to aquacultural practices performed by applying high technological knowledge and conforming to strict farming rules which have significant impacts on development and maturity of aquatic organisms, which consist of species selection carried out in conformity with regulatory environmental standards (being pure, various sizes and vitality) carefully prepared before breeding, farming population density meeting stated regulations, farmed aquatic organisms receiving daily and hourly care for the purpose of prevention and control of diseases, and making sure that environmental conditions are suitable for growth of farmed aquatic organisms; industrially-produced aquaculture feeds; infrastructure and facilities which are comprehensively invested in, such as ponds, reservoirs, lakes, irrigation, transportation, water supply and drainage and aeration systems. Intensive aquafarming shall be far more higher-yielding than traditional aquafarming.